{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T18:33:53Z","timestamp":1769020433675,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To ascertain whether the current practice at Auckland City Hospital of adding interferon to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in patients with high risk or recurrent non\u2010muscle invasive bladder cancer (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMIBC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) unable or unwilling to undergo radical cystectomy is effective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study examined all institutional cases where\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      alone had not been effective or tolerated as primary treatment for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMIBC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and the next guideline agreed step of radical cystectomy was unable to be performed. We identified all patients unwilling or unable to undergo radical cystectomy due to patient co\u2010morbidities or preference for whom ongoing treatment and care was required and included 45 in the data analysis. Current practice at Auckland City Hospital is adding interferon \u03b1\u20102b to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      for this population group and all patients that were given this therapy with at least three years of follow up data from diagnosis were included into the study. Patients were either on maintenance\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      or single dosing. Several secondary outcomes were also assessed concurrently to the primary objective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This observational study showed that adding interferon to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      proved to be an effective therapy for both treatment and salvage therapy in this patient group with 56% of the patients disease (and recurrence) free at the time of audit. 8\/45 patients died whilst undergoing treatment with two of these as a direct result of bladder cancer due to disease progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This therapy has improved outcomes at our institution and has a place as a treatment of choice in this difficult to manage patient group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T18:23:15Z","timestamp":1436898195000},"page":"54-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The effectiveness of\n                    <scp>BCG<\/scp>\n                    and interferon against non\u2010muscle invasive bladder cancer: a New Zealand perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Toni","family":"O'Regan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Auckland City Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Tatton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Auckland City Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryanne","family":"Lyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Auckland City Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Masters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Auckland City Hospital Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"FerlayJ SoerjomataramI ErvikMet\u00a0al.GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0 Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet].Lyon France:International Agency for Research on Cancer 2013. 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