{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T20:34:42Z","timestamp":1784752482835,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007252","name":"Baugarten Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess the value of a positive family history (\n FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) as a risk factor for prostate cancer incidence and grade among men undergoing organised prostate\u2010specific antigen (\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) screening in a population\u2010based study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The study cohort comprised all attendees of the Swiss arm of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (\n ERSPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) with systematic\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level tests every 4 years. Men reporting first\u2010degree relative(s) diagnosed with prostate cancer were considered to have a positive\n FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Biopsy was exclusively\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n triggered at a\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level threshold of 3 ng\/\n mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The primary endpoint was prostate cancer diagnosis. Kaplan\u2013Meier and Cox regression analyses were used.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 4 932 attendees with a median (interquartile range,\n IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) age of 60.9 (57.6\u201365.1) years, 334 (6.8%) reported a positive\n FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The median (\n IQR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) follow\u2010up duration was 11.6 (10.3\u201313.3) years. Cumulative prostate cancer incidence was 60\/334 (18%, positive\n FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and 550\/4 598 (12%, negative\n FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) [odds ratio 1.6, 95% confidence interval (\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 1.2\u20132.2,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001). In both groups, most prostate cancer diagnosed was low grade. There were no significant differences in\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level at diagnosis, biopsy Gleason score or Gleason score on pathological specimen among men who underwent radical prostatectomy between both groups. On multivariable analysis, age (hazard ratio [\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ] 1.04, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.02\u20131.06), baseline\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.13, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.12\u20131.14), and\n FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.6, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.24\u20132.14) were independent predictors for overall prostate cancer incidence (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Only baseline\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n level (\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.14, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.12\u20131.16,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) was an independent predictor of Gleason score \u22657 prostate cancer on prostate biopsy. The proportion of interval prostate cancer diagnosed in\u2010between the screening rounds was not significantly different.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Irrespective of the\n FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n status, the current\n PSA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010based screening setting detects the majority of aggressive prostate cancers and missed only a minority of interval cancers with a 4\u2010year screening algorithm. Our results suggest that men with a positive\n FH<\/jats:styled-content>\n are at increased risk of low\u2010grade but not aggressive prostate cancer.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,2]],"date-time":"2015-09-02T12:06:29Z","timestamp":1441195589000},"page":"576-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A positive family history as a risk factor for prostate cancer in a population\u2010based study with organised prostate\u2010specific antigen screening: results of the Swiss European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (\n ERSPC<\/scp>\n , Aarau)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Urology Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery (Urology Service) Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Eberli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Grobholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Manka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Academic Hospital Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashkan","family":"Mortezavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tullio","family":"Sulser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Recker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Kwiatkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Cantonal Hospital Aarau Aarau Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Urology Academic Hospital Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21208"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2009.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60525-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.12.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182556dcd"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"HeidenreichA BastianPJ BellmuntJet al.Guidelines on Prostate Cancer EAU 2013. Available at:http:\/\/www.uroweb.org\/guidelines\/online-guidelines\/?no_cache=1. Accessed September 2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.04.119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007133430201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28510"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2013.01.072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.10.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.05.7661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-5101.2003.04395.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65850-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.11.969"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908127"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gim.0000237867.34011.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000294469"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29243"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04232.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.04.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-13-100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12847"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12522"}],"container-title":["BJU International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbju.13310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.13310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:49:14Z","timestamp":1761749354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bju.13310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bju.13310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.13310","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-4096","1464-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-4096","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-410X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-10-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}