{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T20:06:05Z","timestamp":1778616365340,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004085","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011\u20100014275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011\u20100014275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004085","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008903","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008903","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate the effects of testosterone on cavernosal endothelial progenitor cells (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) in a castrated rat model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In all, 45 male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats (12\u2010weeks old) were divided into control, surgical castration, and castration with testosterone replacement groups. The rats were castrated under ketamine anaesthesia, and testosterone was administered by daily subcutaneous injection of 3 mg\/kg testosterone propionate. The corpus cavernosum was obtained after perfusion with 10\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      saline via the abdominal aorta 4 weeks later. The expression of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010specific markers [cluster of differentiation 34 (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      34), fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk1), and vascular endothelial (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      )\u2010cadherin] was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence staining.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      34+\/Flk1+ and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      34+\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010cadherin+ cells were detected in the cavernosal sinusoidal endothelial space. Flow cytometry analysis showed that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      34 and Flk1 double positive cells (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s) comprised \u22483.79% of the corpus cavernosum in normal rats. The percentage of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      marker\u2010positive cells decreased significantly in the castration group (2.8%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and was restored to 3.56% after testosterone supplementation. Confocal microscopy revealed that the numbers of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      34+\/Flk1+ and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      34+\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010cadherin+ cells decreased in castrated rats compared with controls, but were similar to control levels in rats receiving testosterone replacement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      markers were expressed in the cavernosal sinusoidal endothelial space, and the numbers of resident\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s were regulated by testosterone. These results suggest that testosterone replacement therapy may improve erectile function by modulating\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EPC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      s in patients with hypogonadism.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,29]],"date-time":"2016-01-29T03:10:52Z","timestamp":1454037052000},"page":"976-981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Testosterone modulates endothelial progenitor cells in rat corpus cavernosum"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Insang","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Chonnam National University Medical School Sexual Medicine Research Center Chonnam National University Gwangju 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