{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:43:45Z","timestamp":1762101825664,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,24]],"date-time":"2016-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate cognitive and mental workload assessments, which may play a critical role in defining successful mentorship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The \u2018Mind Maps\u2019 project aimed at evaluating cognitive function with regard to surgeon's expertise and trainee's skills. The study included electroencephalogram (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) recordings of a mentor observing trainee surgeons in 20 procedures involving extended lymph node dissection (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eLND<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) or urethrovesical anastomosis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), with simultaneous assessment of trainees using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load index (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NASA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) questionnaire. We also compared the brain activity of the mentor during this study with his own brain activity while actually performing the same surgical steps from previous procedures populated in the \u2018Mind Maps\u2019 project.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eLND<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , when the mentor thought the trainee's mental demand and effort were low based on his\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NASA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      questionnaire (not satisfied with his performance), his\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EEG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010based mental workload increased (reflecting more concern and attention). The mentor was mentally engaged and concerned while he was engrossed in observing the surgery. This was further supported by the finding that there was no significant difference in the mental demands and workload between observing and operating for the expert surgeon.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study objectively evaluated the cognitive engagement of a surgical mentor teaching technical skills during surgery. The study provides a deeper understanding of how surgical teaching actually works and opens new horizons for assessment and teaching of surgery. Further research is needed to study the feasibility of this novel concept in assessment and guidance of surgical performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,11]],"date-time":"2016-02-11T08:21:20Z","timestamp":1455178880000},"page":"429-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Technical mentorship during robot\u2010assisted surgery: a cognitive analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Ahmed A.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Technology Laboratory for Advanced Surgery (ATLAS) Program Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Somayeh B.","family":"Shafiei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human in the Loop 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