{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:08:50Z","timestamp":1792076930658,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To investigate possible associations between socioeconomic status (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and penile cancer risk, stage at diagnosis, and mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients\/subjects and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A population\u2010based register study including men in Sweden diagnosed with penile cancer between 2000 and 2012 (1676 men) and randomly chosen controls (9872 men). Data were retrieved from the National Penile Cancer Register (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NPECR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and several other population\u2010based healthcare and sociodemographic registers. Educational level, disposable income, marital status, and number of individuals in the household, were assessed as indicators of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The risk of penile cancer and penile cancer death in relation to\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were estimated using logistic regression and proportional hazards models, respectively. Cumulative cause\u2010specific mortality (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) estimates by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were calculated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A low educational level and low disposable income were associated with an increased risk of invasive penile cancer. Furthermore, low educational level was associated with more advanced primary tumour stage. Divorced and never married men had a generally increased risk of penile cancer and were diagnosed with more advanced primary tumour stages. However, neither educational level nor marital status was associated with lymph node or distant metastases. Also, men in single\u2010person households had an increased risk of both non\u2010invasive and invasive disease. In men with invasive penile cancer, there were no significant associations of indicators of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Low educational level, low disposable income, being divorced or never married, and living in a single\u2010person household, all increase the risk of advanced stage penile cancer, but not lymph node or distant metastases. The assessed indicators of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      did not influence penile\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . In conclusion, our findings indicates that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SES<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      influences the risk and stage of penile cancer, but not survival.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]],"date-time":"2016-07-04T03:53:27Z","timestamp":1467604407000},"page":"254-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Socioeconomic factors and penile cancer risk and mortality; a population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Torbrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Lund University Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Wigertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala\u2010\u00d6rebro Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Drevin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala\u2010\u00d6rebro Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasin","family":"Folkvaljon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala\u2010\u00d6rebro Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mats","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala\u2010\u00d6rebro Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital Malm\u00f6 Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kirrander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology \u00d6rebro University Hospital \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Cancer Incidence in Five Continents","author":"Curado EM","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-008-0302-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590050509913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0221"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35221-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-008-9256-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Socioeconomic Differences in Cancer Incidence and Mortality","author":"Faggiano F","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdj007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23742"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-55382011000200010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"5524","article-title":"Penile cancer: an analysis of socioeconomic factors at a southeastern tertiary referral center","volume":"18","author":"McIntyre M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10749"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Official Satistics of Sweden. 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