{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:32:14Z","timestamp":1778707934284,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472601600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the significance of routinely reported \u2018equivocal\u2019 lymphovascular invasion (\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in prostatectomy specimens of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Prospectively collected data from men who underwent prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer were retrospectively reviewed. Rates of adverse pathological features and biochemical recurrence (\n BCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were compared between tumours positive, negative or \u2018equivocal\u2019 for\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of\n BCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 1 310 consecutive cases,\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was present definitively in 82 (6.3%) and equivocally in 43 (3.3%) cases. Similar to definitive\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , equivocal\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was significantly associated with other adverse pathological features, including advanced stage, higher Gleason grade and positive surgical margins.\n BCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n occurred more frequently in patients with tumours that were equivocal (61%) or positive for\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (71%) than in patients with negative results (14.7%). In addition, patients with both definitive and equivocal\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n had a significantly shorter\n BCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010free survival time compared with those with negative\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated that the presence of either definitive or equivocal\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n were independent predictors of disease recurrence (hazard ratio [\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ] 3.32, 95% confidence interval [\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ] 2.3\u20134.8;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.001 vs\n HR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.66, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 1.05\u20132.65;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.032, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n In this single\u2010institution study, equivocal\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n had a similar association with adverse pathological features and rate of\n BCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n to that of definitive\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n . If our observations are validated in an independent cohort, consideration should be given to the inclusion of equivocal\n LVI<\/jats:styled-content>\n as part of routine pathological reporting.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T02:40:51Z","timestamp":1468896051000},"page":"567-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Routinely reported \u2018equivocal\u2019 lymphovascular invasion in prostatectomy specimens is associated with adverse outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Galiabovitch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Urology and Surgery The Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Hovens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Urology and Surgery The Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth Richmond Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin S.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Urology and Surgery The Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Costello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Urology and Surgery The Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth Richmond Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shane","family":"Battye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TissuPath Specialist Pathology, Mount Waverley and the Faculty of Medicine Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Norden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TissuPath Specialist Pathology, Mount Waverley and the Faculty of Medicine Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TissuPath Specialist Pathology, Mount Waverley and the Faculty of Medicine Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niall M.","family":"Corcoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Urology and Surgery The Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia"},{"name":"Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre Epworth Richmond Vic. 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