{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:32:21Z","timestamp":1761748341921,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]],"date-time":"2016-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the protective effects of selenium with vitamins A, C and E (selenium\n ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , i.e. antioxidants), verapamil (calcium channel blocker), and losartan (angiotensin receptor blocker) against extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n )\u2010induced renal injury.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A randomised controlled trial was conducted between August 2012 and February 2015. Inclusion criteria were adult patients with a single renal stone (<2 cm) suitable for\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Patients with diabetes, hypertension, congenital renal anomalies, moderate or marked hydronephrosis, or preoperative albuminuria (>300 mg\/L) were excluded.\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n was performed using the electromagnetic DoLiS lithotripter. Eligible patients were randomised into one of four groups using sealed closed envelopes: Group1, control; Group 2, selenium\n ACE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ; Group 3, losartan; and Group 4, verapamil. Albuminuria and urinary neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (\n uNGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were estimated after 2\u20134 h and 1 week after\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The primary outcome was differences between albuminuria and\n uNGAL<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Dynamic contrast\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed before\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and at 2\u20134 h and 1 week after\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n to compare changes in renal perfusion.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 329 patients assessed for eligibility, the final analysis comprised 160 patients (40 in each group). Losartan was the only medication that showed significantly lower levels of albuminuria after 1 week (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). For perfusion changes, there was a statistically significant decrease in the renal perfusion in patients with obstructed kidneys in comparison to before\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003). These significant changes were present in the control or antioxidant group, whilst in the losartan and verapamil groups renal perfusion was not significantly decreased.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Losartan was found to protect the kidney against\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced renal injury by significantly decreasing post\u2010\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n albuminuria. Verapamil and losartan maintained renal perfusion in patients with post\u2010\n ESWL<\/jats:styled-content>\n renal obstruction.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,30]],"date-time":"2016-09-30T14:22:37Z","timestamp":1475245357000},"page":"142-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A randomised controlled trial evaluating renal protective effects of selenium with vitamins A, C, E, verapamil, and losartan against extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy\u2010induced renal injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Ahmed R.","family":"El\u2010Nahas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Elsaadany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diaa\u2010Eldin","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Elshal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Abo","family":"El\u2010Ghar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani M.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Essam A.","family":"Elsawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazem H.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ehab W.","family":"Wafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Awadalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology Laboratory Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamer S.","family":"Barakat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled Z.","family":"Sheir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Urology and Nephrology Center Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"T\u00fcrkC KnollT PetrikAet al.Urolithiasis European Association of Urology Guidelines. 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