{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T23:24:26Z","timestamp":1770679466887,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]],"date-time":"2016-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1478822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1002190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1002190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ID631717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ID631717"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To investigate whether increases in stiffness can be detected in the anatomical region associated with the striated urethral sphincter (\n SUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) during voluntary activation using shear\u2010wave elastography (\n SWE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); to identify the location and area of the stiffness increase relative to the point of greatest dorsal displacement of the mid urethra (i.e.\n SUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); and to determine the relationship between muscle stiffness and contraction intensity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In all, 10 healthy men participated. A linear ultrasound (\n US<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) transducer was placed mid\u2010sagittal on the perineum adjacent to a pair of electromyography electrodes that recorded non\u2010specific pelvic floor muscle activity. Stiffness in the area expected to contain the\n SUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n was estimated via\n US SWE<\/jats:styled-content>\n at rest and during voluntary pelvic floor muscles contractions to 5%, 10% and 15% maximum. Still image frames were exported for each repetition and analysed with software that detected increases in stiffness above 150% of the resting stiffness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Pelvic floor muscle contraction elicited an increase in stiffness above threshold within the region expected to contain the\n SUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n for all participants and contraction intensities. The mean (\n SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) ventral\u2013dorsal distance between the centre of the stiffness area and region of maximal motion of the mid\u2010urethra (caused by\n SUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n contraction) was 5.6 (1.8), 6.2 (0.8), and 5.8 (0.7) mm for 5%, 10% and 15% maximal voluntary contraction, respectively. Greater pelvic floor muscle contraction intensity resulted in a concomitant increase in stiffness, which differed between contraction intensities (5% vs 10%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001; 5% vs 15%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001; 10% vs 15%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles in men is associated with an area of stiffness increase measured with\n SWE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , which concurs with the expected location of the\n SUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The increase in stiffness occurred in association with an increase in perineal surface electromyography activity, providing evidence that stiffness amplitude relates to general pelvic floor muscle contraction intensity. Future applications of\n SWE<\/jats:styled-content>\n may include investigations of patient populations in which dysfunction of the\n SUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n is thought to play an important role, or investigation of the effect of rehabilitation programmes that target this muscle.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T03:28:11Z","timestamp":1476761291000},"page":"619-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Application of shear\u2010wave elastography to estimate the stiffness of the male striated urethral sphincter during voluntary contractions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Ryan E.","family":"Stafford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafeef","family":"Aljuraifani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Hug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"},{"name":"Laboratory \u2018Movement, Interactions, Performance\u2019 Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Nantes Nantes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Hodges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(199601)28:1<24::AID-PROS4>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)64025-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21178"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67208-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"763","article-title":"Conservative management of post\u2010radical prostatectomy incontinence","volume":"66","author":"Sountoulides P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Esp 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