{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:38:26Z","timestamp":1792175906896,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,23]],"date-time":"2017-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008492","name":"Swiss Continence Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008485","name":"Schweizerische Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008485","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To review systematically all the available evidence on efficacy and safety of cannabinoids for treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLUTD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) in patients with multiple sclerosis (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRISMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) statement. Studies were identified by electronic search of the Cochrane register, Embase, Medline, Scopus (last search on 11 November 2016).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After screening 8 469 articles, we included two randomized controlled trials and one open\u2010label study, in which a total of 426 patients were enrolled. Cannabinoids relevantly decreased the number of incontinence episodes in all three studies. Pooling data showed the mean difference in incontinence episodes per 24 h to be \u22120.35 (95% confidence interval \u22120.46 to \u22120.24). Mild adverse events were frequent (38\u2013100%), but only two patients (0.7%) reported a serious adverse event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Preliminary data imply that cannabinoids might be an effective and safe treatment option for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NLUTD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in patients with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ; however, the evidence base is poor and more high\u2010quality, well\u2010designed and adequately powered and sampled studies are urgently needed to reach definitive conclusions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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