{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:48:54Z","timestamp":1792802934244,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81370804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81370804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of kidney stones among adults in China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nationwide cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted among individuals aged \u226518 years across China, from May 2013 to July 2014. Participants underwent urinary tract ultrasonographic examinations, completed pre\u2010designed and standardised questionnaires, and provided blood and urine samples for analysis. Kidney stones were defined as particles of \u22654 mm. Prevalence was defined as the proportion of participants with kidney stones and binary logistic regression was used to estimate the associated factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 12 570 individuals (45.2% men) with a mean (sd, range) age of 48.8 (15.3, 18\u201396) years were selected and invited to participate in the study. In all, 9310 (40.7% men) participants completed the investigation, with a response rate of 74.1%. The prevalence of kidney stones was 6.4% [95% confidence interval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) 5.9, 6.9], and the age\u2010 and sex\u2010adjusted prevalence was 5.8% (95%\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      5.3, 6.3; 6.5% in men and 5.1% in women). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male gender, rural residency, age, family history of urinary stones, concurrent diabetes mellitus and hyperuricaemia, increased consumption of meat, and excessive sweating were all statistically significantly associated with a greater risk of kidney stones. By contrast, consumption of more tea, legumes, and fermented vinegar was statistically significantly associated with a lesser risk of kidney stone formation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kidney stones are common among Chinese adults, with about one in 17 adults affected currently. Some Chinese dietary habits may lower the risk of kidney stone formation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,25]],"date-time":"2017-02-25T00:16:39Z","timestamp":1487981799000},"page":"109-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":441,"title":["Prevalence of kidney stones in China: an ultrasonography based cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3790-6434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guohua","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China"},{"name":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 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