{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:45:46Z","timestamp":1787013946583,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]],"date-time":"2017-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1492387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To report our experience of a series of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) procedures in a single centre over 18\u00a0years in terms of patient and stone characteristics, indications, stone clearance and complications, along with the results of chemical analysis of stones in a subgroup.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We retrospectively analysed the outcomes of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in 3402 patients, who underwent the procedure between 1997 and 2014, obtained from a prospectively maintained database. Data analysis included patients\u2019 age and sex, laboratory investigations, imaging, punctured calyx, duration of operation, volume of irrigation fluid, radiation exposure time, blood transfusion, complications and stone\u2010free status at 1\u2010month follow\u2010up. For the present analysis, outcomes in relation to complications and success were divided in two eras, 1997\u20132005 and 2006\u20132014, to study the differences.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 3402 patients, 2501 (73.5%) were male and 901 (26.5%) were female, giving a male:female ratio of 2.8:1. Staghorn (partial or complete) calculi were found in 27.5% of patients, while 72.5% had non\u2010staghorn calculi. Intracorporeal energy sources used for stone fragmentation included ultrasonography in 917 patients (26.9%), pneumatic lithoclast in 1820 (53.5%), holmium laser in 141 (4.1%) and Lithoclast\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      master in 524 (15.4%). In the majority of patients (97.4%) a 18\u201322\u2010F nephrostomy tube was placed after the procedure, while 69 patients (2.03%) underwent tubeless\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . The volume of the irrigation fluid used ranged from 7 to 37 L, with a mean of 28.4\u00a0L. The stone\u2010free rate after\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in the first era studied was 78%, vs 83.2% in the second era, as assessed by combination of ultrasonography and plain abdominal film of the kidney, ureter and bladder. The complication rate in the first era was 21.3% as compared with 10.3% in the second era, and this difference was statistically significant. Stone analysis showed pure stones in 41% and mixed stones in 58% of patients. The majority of stones consisted of calcium oxalate.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is the largest series of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      reported from any single centre in Pakistan, where there is a high prevalence of stone disease associated with infective and obstructive complications, including renal failure.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCNL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      as a treatment method offers an economic and effective option in the management of renal stone disease with acceptable stone clearance rates in a resource\u2010constrained healthcare system.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T00:12:48Z","timestamp":1489709568000},"page":"702-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Surgical outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 3402 patients and results of stone analysis in 1559 patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Syed Adibul Hasan","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manzoor","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Hassan","family":"Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altaf","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murli","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirza Naqi","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation Civil Hospital Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1465-5101.2001.134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2014.00088"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.1976.11882084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.2010.0424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.06.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/end.1993.7.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"353","article-title":"Decreasing the complications of PCNL with\u00a0alternative techniques including complete supine\u00a0PCNL and subcostal approach","volume":"25","author":"Falahatkar S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12248"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1985.tb07014.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"DesaiM.PCNL; 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