{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T18:42:26Z","timestamp":1789756946452,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To determine the effects of controlled release of insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 (\n IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101) from alginate\u2010poly\u2010L\u2010ornithine\u2010gelatine (A\u2010\n PLO<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010G) microbeads on external urethral sphincter (\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) tissue regeneration in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence (\n SUI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), as\n SUI<\/jats:styled-content>\n diminishes the quality of life of millions, particularly women who have delivered vaginally, which can injure the urethral sphincter. Despite several well\u2010established treatments for\n SUI<\/jats:styled-content>\n , growth factor therapy might provide an alternative to promote urethral sphincter repair.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In all, 44 female Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were randomised into four groups: vaginal distension (\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) followed by periurethral injection of\n IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\u2010A\u2010\n PLO<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010G microbeads (\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 microbeads; 1 \u00d7 10\n 4<\/jats:sup>\n microbeads\/1\n mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n normal saline);\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n + empty microbeads;\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n + saline; or sham\u2010\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n + saline (sham).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Urethral function (leak\u2010point pressure,\n LPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was significantly lesser 1 week after\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n + saline [mean (\n sem<\/jats:sc>\n ) 23.9 (1.3) cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O] or\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n + empty microbeads [mean (\n sem<\/jats:sc>\n ) 21.7 (0.8) cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O) compared to the sham group [mean (\n sem<\/jats:sc>\n ) 44.4 (3.4) cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), indicating that the microbeads themselves do not create a bulking or obstructive effect in the urethra. The\n LPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n was significantly higher 1 week after\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 microbeads [mean (\n sem<\/jats:sc>\n ) 28.4 (1.2) cmH\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n O] compared to\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n + empty microbeads (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05), and was not significantly different from the\n LPP<\/jats:styled-content>\n in sham rats, demonstrating an initiation of a reparative effect even at 1 week after\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Histological analysis showed well\u2010organised skeletal muscle fibres and vascular development in the\n EUS<\/jats:styled-content>\n at 1 week after\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101 microbeads, compared to substantial muscle fibre attenuation and disorganisation, and less vascular formation at 1 week after\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n + saline or\n VD<\/jats:styled-content>\n + empty microbeads.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Periurethral administration of\n IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u20101\u2010A\u2010\n PLO<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010G microbeads facilitates recovery from\n SUI<\/jats:styled-content>\n by promoting skeletal myogenesis and revascularisation. This therapy is promising, but detailed and longer term studies in animal models and humans are needed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T07:27:11Z","timestamp":1502695631000},"page":"301-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Controlled release of insulin\u2010like growth factor 1 enhances urethral sphincter function and histological structure in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department of the Lerner Research Institute Cleveland OH USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 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