{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:40:12Z","timestamp":1761748812461,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]],"date-time":"2018-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the association between acute and chronic inflammation with the presence of perineural invasion (\n PNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in prostate biopsies positive for prostate cancer (\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n a).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1 399 prostate biopsies positive for\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n a in the Reduction by Dutasteride of\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n a Events (\n REDUCE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) study.\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n a, acute and chronic prostate inflammation and\n PNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n were assessed by central pathology review. The association between acute and chronic inflammation with\n PNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was evaluated using chi\u2010squared and Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests, and logistic regression adjusting for clinicopathological and biochemical variables.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The presence of\n PNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n was identified in 133 biopsies (9.5%). In all, 267 biopsies (19.1%) had acute inflammation, 1 038 (74.2%) had chronic inflammation, and 255 (18.2%) had both. The presence of both acute and chronic inflammation had a mutual association (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Chronic inflammation was associated with a lower Gleason score (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.009) and lower tumour volume (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), while acute inflammation was associated with lower Gleason score (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.04), lower tumour volume (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004) and higher prostate\u2010specific antigen levels (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.05). In both univariable and multivariable analyses, chronic prostate inflammation was significantly associated with less\n PNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n (univariable odds ratio [\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ] 0.54, 95% confidence interval [\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n ] 0.37\u20130.79,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001; multivariable\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.65, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.43\u20130.99,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.045). Acute prostate inflammation was associated with less\n PNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n only in univariable analysis (univariable\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.51, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.29\u20130.89,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.018; multivariable\n OR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.63, 95%\n CI<\/jats:styled-content>\n 0.35\u20131.13,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.12).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Acute and chronic prostate inflammation were both associated with a lower prevalence of\n PNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n in prostate biopsies positive for\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n a. If confirmed, this suggests that inflammation and immunomodulation can serve as areas of potential therapeutic design to mitigate\n PNI<\/jats:styled-content>\n in patients with\n PC<\/jats:styled-content>\n a.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,6]],"date-time":"2018-06-06T11:46:33Z","timestamp":1528285593000},"page":"91-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Both acute and chronic inflammation are associated with less perineural invasion in men with prostate cancer on repeat biopsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3431-6885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Kuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Curtis","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Queen's University Kingston ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald L.","family":"Andriole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Surgery Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St Louis MO USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5444-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramiro","family":"Castro\u2010Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global R&D GlaxoSmithKline Inc. Pennsylvania PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8104-6419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Freedland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Department of Surgery Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"Section of Urology Durham VA Medical Center Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4517-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21456"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(99)00350-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.04.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2012.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38881-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2006.03.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"396","article-title":"Parameters of perineural invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens lack prognostic significance","volume":"85","author":"Merrilees AD","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000143973.22897.f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000108131.43160.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-010-9825-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.04033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra072739"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2016.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-13-1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"5857","article-title":"Reduce infiltration of tumor\u2010associated macrophages in human prostate cancer: association with cancer progression","volume":"60","author":"Shimura S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-3126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.06.1102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-017-2123-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.07.001"}],"container-title":["BJU International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbju.14428","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.14428","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:59:21Z","timestamp":1761746361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bju.14428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bju.14428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.14428","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-4096","1464-410X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1464-4096"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1464-410X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}