{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:33:03Z","timestamp":1788345183830,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,9]],"date-time":"2018-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the prevalence of Y\u2010chromosome microdeletions in a multi\u2010ethnic urban population in London, UK. To also determine predictive factors and a clinical threshold for genetic testing in men with Y chromosome microdeletions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study of 1473 men that were referred to a tertiary Andrology centre with male factor infertility between July 2004 and December 2016. All had a genetic evaluation, hormonal profile and 2 abnormal semen analyses. Those with abnormal examination findings also had targeted imaging performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of microdeletions was 4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 58) in this study. These microdeletions were partitioned into the following regions: Azoospermia factors (AZF); AZFc (75%),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      b+c (13.8%),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      b (6.9%),\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      a (1.7%), and partial\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      a (1.7%). A high follicle\u2010stimulating hormone level (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and a low sperm concentration (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) were both found to be significant predictors for the identification of a microdeletion. Testosterone level, luteinising hormone level and testicular volume did not predict the presence of a microdeletion. None of the men with an\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      microdeletion had a sperm concentration of &gt;0.5 million\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Lowering the sperm concentration threshold to this level retained the high sensitivity (100%) and increased the specificity (31%). This would produce significant cost savings when compared to the European Academy of Andrology\/European Molecular Genetics Quality Network and European Association of Urology guidelines. The surgical sperm retrieval (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) rate after microdissection testicular sperm extraction was 33.2% in men with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AZF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      c microdeletion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of Y\u2010chromosome microdeletions in infertile men appears to vary between populations and countries. A low sperm concentration was a predictive factor (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) for identifying microdeletions in infertile males. A threshold for genetic testing of 0.5 million\/\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      would increase the specificity and lower the relative cost without adversely affecting the sensitivity. The rate of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was lower than that previously described in the literature.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T10:14:48Z","timestamp":1534414488000},"page":"367-372","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["An analysis of the frequency of Y\u2010chromosome microdeletions and the determination of a threshold sperm concentration for genetic testing in infertile men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-1632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Raheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"},{"name":"Andrology Department Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Hallerstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Zainal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Poselay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baharak","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amr","family":"Moubasher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Frederick","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2958-1614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asif","family":"Muneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Sangster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"},{"name":"The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Ralph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andrology Department University College London Hospital London UK"},{"name":"The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"Guidelines on Male Infertility","author":"Jungwirth A","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Association of Urology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2013.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03343791"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.7.933"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2005.00693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/Krausz"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Healthcare and Clinical Excellence.Fertility problems: quality standards 4 2014. Available at:https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/qs73\/chapter\/quality\u2010statement\u20104\u2010semen\u2010analysis. Accessed May 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.1.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team RFfSC","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60588-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.10.3606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0272.2001.00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2013.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.01.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg348"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.01.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.9.2267"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.11.2813"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7262.2006.00083.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2009.05.006"}],"container-title":["BJU International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbju.14521","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.14521","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T11:10:27Z","timestamp":1761736227000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bju.14521"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bju.14521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.14521","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.733826174.793581226","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1464-4096","1464-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-4096","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-410X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-09-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}