{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T22:40:54Z","timestamp":1792190454553,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To systematically review the literature in order to investigate the efficacy and safety of surgical and non\u2010invasive penile enhancement procedures for aesthetic and therapeutic purposes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search for papers investigating penile enhancement procedures was performed using the MEDLINE database. Articles published from January 2010 to December 2019, written in English, including &gt;10 cases, and reporting objective length and\/or girth outcomes, were included. Studies without primary data and conference abstracts were excluded. The main outcome measure was objective length and\/or girth improvement. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) statement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 220 unique records, a total of 57 were reviewed. Eighteen studies assessed interventions for penile enhancement in 1764 healthy men complaining of small penis. Thirty\u2010nine studies investigated 2587 men with concomitant pathologies consisting mostly of Peyronie's disease and erectile dysfunction. Twenty\u2010five studies evaluated non\u2010invasive interventions and 32 studies assessed surgical interventions, for a total of 2192 and 2159 men, respectively. Non\u2010invasive interventions, including traction therapies and injection of fillers, were safe and mostly efficacious, whereas surgical interventions were associated with minor complications and mostly increased penile dimensions and\/or corrected penile curvature. Overall, the quality of studies was low, and standardized criteria to evaluate and report efficacy and safety of procedures, as well as patient satisfaction, were missing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The quality of the studies on penile enhancement procedures published in the last decade is still low. This prevents us from establishing recommendations based on scientific evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of interventions that are performed to increase the penis size for aesthetic or therapeutic indications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T19:41:47Z","timestamp":1592941307000},"page":"269-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Non\u2010invasive and surgical penile enhancement interventions for aesthetic or therapeutic purposes: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0666-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Romero\u2010Otero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Urology Department Hospital Universitario HM Montepr\u00edncipe Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Unit Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences, and Odontostomatology University of Naples \u2018Federico II\u2019 Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Ralph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Urology University College London Hospitals London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniar","family":"Osmonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Verze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry \u2018Scuola Medica Salernitana\u2019 University of Salerno Salerno Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8046-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University College London Hospitals NHS Trust London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ege Can","family":"Serefoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Biruni University School of Medicine Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6274-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Bozzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology ASST Valle Olona Busto A. Lombardia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1071-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Department Hospital Universitario 12 Octubre Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Urology Department Hospital Universitario HM Montepr\u00edncipe Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1998.00672.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"EAU Guidelines on Sexual and Reproductive Health, in European Association of Urology Guidelines","author":"Salonia A","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1524-9220.7.3.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2018.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-019-0189-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2005.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","unstructured":"International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.ISAPS International Survey On Aesthetic\/Cosmetic Procedures Performed in 2018. Available at:https:\/\/www.isaps.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/ISAPS\u2010Global\u2010Survey\u2010Results\u20102018\u2010new.pdf. Accessed January 2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2016.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-012-9891-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41652-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12537"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.110.011247"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12870"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.01.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2017.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01748.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2012.41"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2015.33.3.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"199","article-title":"Penis ligaments: their use in \u201cincreasing\u201d the size of the penis in penile augmentation procedures. Anatomical description in human cadavers and clinical results of a phalloplasty series","volume":"81","author":"Protogerou V","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12192"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000782"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2013.58"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02744.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000245"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.01.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.03.092"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12400"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09365.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-019-0125-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_50_19;"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12258"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02285.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12833"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12522"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2016.09.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.171572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13371"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2016.34.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2016.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.156"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_77_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-018-0085-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2017.11.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2015.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.154311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12911"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.11.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-015-0593-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000914"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-017-0786-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2016.1230602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.11.304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00238-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3900472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2006.00414.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12875"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.03.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.01.090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000133083.54934.ae"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00582-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.07.006"}],"container-title":["BJU International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbju.15145","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.15145","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bju.15145","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.15145","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T14:37:36Z","timestamp":1761748656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bju.15145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bju.15145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.15145","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-4096","1464-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-4096","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-410X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}