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Overall survival (OS), progression\u2010free survival (PFS), local metastasis control (LC) and time to systemic therapy switch were analysed using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves and log\u2010rank testing. Clinical and treatment factors influencing survival were analysed using multivariate Cox regression. Acute and late SRT\u2010induced toxicity were defined according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.03.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fifty\u2010three patients who underwent 128 sessions of SRT were included, of whom 58% presented with oligometastatic disease (OMD). ICIs and TT were received by 32% and 68% of patients, respectively. Twenty patients (37%) paused TT for a median (range) of 14 (2\u201321) days. ICI therapy was not paused in any patient. A median (range) of 1 (1\u20135) metastatic tumour was treated per patient, with a median (range) SRT dose of 65 (40\u2013129.4) Gy (biologically effective dose). The OS, LC and PFS rates at 1\u00a0year were 71%, 75% and 25%, respectively. The median OS and PFS were not significantly different among patients receiving TT vs those receiving ICIs (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.329). New lesions were treated with a repeat radiotherapy course in 46% of patients. After 1\u00a0year, 62% of patients remained on the same systemic therapy as at the time of SRT; this was more frequent for ICI therapy compared to TT (83% vs 36%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.035). OMD was an independent prognostic factor for OS (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.035\u20130.528) and PFS (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004; 95% CI 0.165\u20130.717) in multivariate analysis. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG\u2010PS) was the other independent prognostic factor for OS (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001, 95% CI 0.001\u20130.351). Acute grade 3 toxicity was observed in two patients, and late grade 3 toxicity in one patient. No grade 4 or 5 toxicity was observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined treatment with TT or immunotherapy and concurrent SRT was safe, without signals of increased severe toxicity. As we observed no signal of excess toxicity, full\u2010dose SRT should be considered to achieve optimal metastasis control in patients receiving TT or immunotherapy. Favourable PFS and OS were observed for patients with oligometastatic RCC with a good ECOG\u2010PS, which should form the basis for prospective testing of this treatment strategy in properly designed clinical trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T11:51:49Z","timestamp":1607082709000},"page":"703-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Stereotactic radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy or targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"127","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1342-5310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie G.C.","family":"Kroeze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Schaule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shankar","family":"Siva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne Vic. 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