{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:15:28Z","timestamp":1790788528330,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,8]],"date-time":"2021-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["135774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["135774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008492","name":"Swiss Continence Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To better understand the neuropathophysiology of overactive bladder (OAB) in women by characterising supraspinal activity in response to bladder distention and cold stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects\/Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited 24 female participants, 12 with OAB (median [interquartile range, IQR] age 40\u00a0[32\u201342]\u00a0years) and 12 healthy controls (HCs) without lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms (median [IQR] age 34\u00a0[28\u201344]\u00a0years), and assessed LUT and cognitive function through neuro\u2010urological examination, 3\u2010day bladder diary, urodynamic investigation, and questionnaires. Functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using a 3\u2010T scanner was performed in all participants during automated, repetitive bladder filling and draining (block design) with 100\u00a0mL body temperature (37\u00a0\u00b0C) saline using a MR\u2010compatible and MR\u2010synchronised infusion\u2013drainage device until strong desire to void (HIGH\u2010FILLING\/DRAINING) and bladder filling with cold saline (4\u00a0\u00b0C, i.e. COLD). Whole\u2010brain and region\u2010of\u2010interest analyses were conducted using Statistical Parametric Mapping, version 12.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant between\u2010group differences were found for 3\u2010day bladder diary variables (i.e. voiding frequency\/24\u00a0h,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001; voided volume\/void,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.04; and urinary incontinence [UI] episodes\/24\u00a0h,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007), questionnaire scores (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire\u2010Female LUT symptoms [overall, filling, and UI scores, all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001]; the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire short form [symptoms and quality\u2010of\u2010life scores, both\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001]; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [anxiety\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004 and depression\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003 scores]), as well as urodynamic variables (strong desire to void,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02; maximum cystometric capacity,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.007; and presence of detrusor overactivity,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.002). Age, weight and cognitive function (i.e. Mini\u2010Mental State Examination,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.0) were similar between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). In patients with OAB, the HIGH task elicited activity in the superior temporal gyrus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), and mid\u2010cingulate cortex; and the COLD task elicited activity in the VLPFC, cerebellum, and basal ganglia. Compared to HCs, patients with OAB showed significantly stronger cerebellar activity during HIGH\u2010FILLING and significantly less activity in the insula and VLPFC during HIGH\u2010DRAINING.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present findings suggest a sensory processing and modulation deficiency in our OAB group, probably as part of their underlying pathophysiology, as they lacked activity in essential sensory processing areas, such as the insula. Instead, accessory areas, such as the cerebellum, showed significantly stronger activation compared to HCs, presumably supporting pelvic\u2010floor motor activity to prevent UI. The novel findings of the present study provide physiological evidence of the necessity to consider non\u2010bladder aetiologies of bladder symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T06:24:35Z","timestamp":1612592675000},"page":"586-597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Considering non\u2010bladder aetiologies of overactive bladder: a functional neuroimaging study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5347-1584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Urology Balgrist University Hospital University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5764-3494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenz","family":"Leitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Urology Balgrist University Hospital University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Betschart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Engeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Kantonsspital St. Gallen St. Gallen Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Freund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury Center Balgrist University Hospital University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany"},{"name":"Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging UCL Institute of Neurology London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1991-5919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro\u2010Urology Balgrist University Hospital University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyros","family":"Kollias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology University Hospital Z\u00fcrich University of Z\u00fcrich Z\u00fcrich 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