{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T18:10:45Z","timestamp":1791051045664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Delivering urological humanitarian aid to countries with greater need has been provided by urologists associated with British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) Urolink over the last 30\u2009years. Urolink has realised the need to understand where that need is geographically, what tangible help is required, and how assistance can be delivered in the most ethically appropriate way. The World Bank stratification of countries by per capita gross national income has helped in the identification of low\u2010come countries or lower\u2010middle\u2010income countries (LMICs), the vast majority of which are in sub\u2010Saharan Africa. The medical and socioeconomic needs of those country\u2019s populations, which constitute 17% of the global community, are substantially different from that required in higher income countries. More than 40% of sub\u2010Saharan Africa\u2019s population is aged &lt;14\u2009years, it has a substantially reduced life expectancy, which influences the type of pathologies seen, and perinatal complications are a major cause of morbidity for both mother and child. There is a significant problem with the availability of medical care in these countries and almost a third of global deaths have been attributed to the lack of access to emergency and elective surgery. Urologically, the main conditions demanding the attention of the very few available urologists are congenital anomalies, benign prostatic hypertrophy, urolithiasis, urethral stricture, and pelvic cancer. The management of these conditions is often substantially different from that in the UK, being limited by a lack of personnel, equipment, and access to geographically relevant guidelines appropriate to the healthcare environment. Assisting LMICs to develop sustainable urological services can be helped by understanding the local needs of linked institutions, establishing trusting and durable relationships with partner centres and by providing appropriate education that can be perpetuated, and disseminated, across a region of need.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T02:06:31Z","timestamp":1636077991000},"page":"9-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Understanding the needs of low\u2010income countries: how urologists can help"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5359-1877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Payne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"British Association of Urological Surgeons London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mumba","family":"Chalwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ndola Teaching Hospital Ndola Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1465-5101.2001.130.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"KhullarD ChokshiDA.Health Income & Poverty: Where We Are & What Could Help. 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