{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T18:26:53Z","timestamp":1769365613397,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5T32CA106183\u201018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32CA106183\u201018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI155646"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI155646"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test if intravesical instillation of both an anti\u2010programmed cell death protein 1 (PD\u20101) inhibitor and an oncolytic reovirus would demonstrate a greater effect than either treatment alone, as non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer that is refractory to intravesical bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin can be treated by systemic anti\u2010PD\u20101 immunotherapy and we previously demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) with six once\u2010weekly instillations of intravesical anti\u2010PD\u20101 in a murine model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using an orthotopic syngeneic C3H murine model of MBT2 urothelial bladder cancer, groups of 10 mice were compared between no treatment, intravesical anti\u2010PD\u20101, intravesical oncolytic reovirus, or intravesical reovirus\u2009+\u2009anti\u2010PD\u20101. A single intravesical treatment session was given. The primary outcome was OS, and the secondary outcomes included long\u2010term immunity and tumour\u2013immune profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      With a median follow\u2010up of 9\u2009months, all mice that received no treatment died with a median survival of 41\u2009days, while the comparison median OS was not reached for reovirus (hazard ratio [HR] 14.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9\u201332.6;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), anti\u2010PD\u20101 (HR 28.4, 95% CI 7.0\u2013115.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and reovirus\u2009+\u2009anti\u2010PD\u20101 (HR 28.4, 95% CI 7.0\u2013115.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Monotherapy with anti\u2010PD\u20101 or reovirus demonstrated no significant differences in survival (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.067). Mass cytometry showed that reovirus\u2009+\u2009anti\u2010PD\u20101 treatment enriched monocytes and decreased myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells, generating an immuno\u2010responsive tumour microenvironment. Depletion of CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells eliminated the survival advantage provided by the intravesical treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Treatment of murine orthotopic bladder tumours with a single instillation of intravesical reovirus, anti\u2010PD\u20101 antibody, or the combination confers superior survival compared to controls. Tumour\u2013immune microenvironment differences indicated myeloid\u2010derived suppressor cells and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells mediate the treatment response.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T09:29:43Z","timestamp":1679650183000},"page":"298-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Intravesical oncolytic virotherapy and immunotherapy for\n                    <scp>non\u2010muscle<\/scp>\n                    \u2010invasive bladder cancer mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Woodson W.","family":"Smelser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Urology Washington University in St. Louis  St. Louis MI USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology 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