{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T13:41:40Z","timestamp":1793281300048,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the global disease burden and country\u2010specific trends of penile cancer incidence by age group and investigate its associations with several factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Global Cancer Observatory database was interrogated for penile cancer incidence. The 10\u2010year cancer incidence rates were collected from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus. The country\u2010specific data were extracted from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Disease databases for conducting risk factors analysis. The penile cancer incidence was presented using age\u2010standardised rates. Its associations with various factors were examined by linear regression, while the incidence trend was estimated using joinpoint regression and presented as average annual percentage change with 95% confidence intervals in different age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were an estimated 36\u2009068 new cases of penile cancer in 2020. There was a considerable geographical disparity in the disease burden of penile cancer, with South America reporting the highest incidence. Overall, alcohol drinking, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and unsafe sex were positively associated with a higher penile cancer incidence, while circumcision was found to be a protective factor. There has been a mixed trend in penile cancer incidence overall, but an increasing trend was found among younger males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a global variation in the penile cancer burden associated with prevalence of alcohol drinking, HIV infection, unsafe sex, and circumcision. The increasing penile cancer incidence in the younger population is worrying and calls for early detection and preventive interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:45:42Z","timestamp":1699836342000},"page":"314-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Incidence, risk factors, and temporal trends of penile cancer: a global population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2382-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junjie","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sze Chai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Sze","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2554-5168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianjing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Industrial Park Monash Research Institute of Science and Technology  Suzhou China"},{"name":"The School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Vic Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Don Eliseo","family":"Lucero\u2010Prisno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"Faculty of Public Health Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanghong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony Chi\u2010Fai","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S.H. 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