{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:45:47Z","timestamp":1787013947931,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate near\u2010infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in differentiating between benign and malignant bladder pathologies ex vivo immediately after resection, including the grade and stage of malignancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 355 spectra were measured on 71 bladder specimens from patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) between April and August 2022. Scan time was 5\u2009s, undertaken using a portable NIR spectrometer within 10\u2009min from excision. Specimens were then sent for routine histopathological correlation. Machine learning models were applied to the spectral dataset to construct diagnostic algorithms; these were then tested for their ability to predict the histological diagnosis of each sample using its NIR spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A two\u2010group algorithm comparing low\u2010 vs high\u2010grade urothelial cancer demonstrated 97% sensitivity, 99% specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.997. A three\u2010group algorithm predicting stages Ta vs T1 vs T2 achieved 97% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and the AUC was 0.996.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This first study evaluating the diagnostic potential of NIR spectroscopy in urothelial cancer shows that it can be accurately used to assess tissue in an ex vivo setting immediately after TURBT. This offers point\u2010of\u2010care assessment of bladder pathology, with potential to influence the extent of resection, reducing both the need for re\u2010resection where invasive disease may be suspected, and also the potential for complications where extent of diagnostic resection can be limited. Further studies utilising fibre\u2010optic probes offer the potential for in vivo assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:25:15Z","timestamp":1705623915000},"page":"44-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<scp>Near\u2010infrared<\/scp>\n                    spectroscopy as a novel method of ex\u00a0vivo bladder cancer tissue characterisation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Arthur","family":"Yim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Austin Health  Heidelberg Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Young Urology Researchers Organisation (YURO)  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Alberto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology 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