{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T21:42:47Z","timestamp":1790026967028,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe primary care provider (PCP) practices for the assessment and management of females with urinary incontinence (UI), and appraise these practices relative to recommendations made in high\u2010quality clinical guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were searched in four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science) from their respective inception dates to 6 March 2023. All studies describing UI evaluation and management practices used by PCPs for female patients were eligible. Two reviewers independently selected studies assessed their quality and extracted data. A narrative synthesis of included studies was performed to describe practices. Relevant evaluation and management practices were then compared to recommendations that were consistent across current high\u2010quality UI guidelines. Pharmacotherapy, referrals, and follow\u2010ups were reported descriptively only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3475 articles were retrieved and, among those, 31 were included in the review. The majority reported a poor\u2013moderate adherence to performing a pelvic examination (reported adherence range: 23\u201376%; based on eight studies), abdominal examination (0\u201387%; three studies), pelvic floor muscle assessment (9\u201336%; two studies), and bladder diary (0\u201392%; nine studies), while there was high adherence to urine analysis (40\u201397%; nine studies). For the conservative management of UI, studies revealed a poor\u2013moderate adherence to recommendations for pelvic floor muscle training (5\u201382%; nine studies), bladder training (2\u201353%; eight studies) and lifestyle interventions (1\u201371%; six studies). Regarding pharmacotherapy, PCPs predominantly prescribed antimuscarinics (2\u201346%; nine studies) and oestrogen (2\u201377%; seven studies). Lastly, PCPs referred those reporting UI to medical specialists (5\u201337%; 14 studies). Referrals were generally made &lt;30\u2009days after diagnosis with urologists being the most sought out professional to assess and treat UI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review revealed poor\u2013moderate adherence to clinical practice guideline recommendations. While these findings reflect high variability in reporting, the key message is that most aspects of patient care for female UI provided by PCPs needs to improve.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T02:59:30Z","timestamp":1701399570000},"page":"498-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Management of urinary incontinence in females by primary care providers: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9876-4257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryl\u00e8ne","family":"Charette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lissa","family":"Pacheco\u2010Brousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Poitras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind","family":"Ashton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Rideau Friel Medical Centre  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Incontinence. 7th ed. 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