{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:50:16Z","timestamp":1789746616487,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15\/150\/05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15\/150\/05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the cost\u2010effectiveness of using invasive urodynamic studies (UDS) in the management of women with refractory overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms using the results of the FUTURE trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The FUTURE study is the largest randomised controlled trial evaluating the clinical effectiveness of UDS with comprehensive clinical assessment (CCA) in this patient population compared to CCA only. We developed an economic model that replicates the 24\u2010month results of FUTURE, then models the lifetime costs and quality\u2010adjusted life\u2010years (QALYs) using long\u2010term studies of treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over the patient cohort's lifetime the UDS plus CCA group is \u00a31380 more costly and is associated with 0.002 fewer QALYs than the CCA only group, with only a 23.4% chance of being cost\u2010effective at \u00a320\u2009000 per QALY gained. The sensitivity analysis shows that the results are robust to all changes except for the use of parameters based on the complete case analysis of the FUTURE trial. For the subgroup of patients with an initial diagnosis of mixed urinary incontinence, the UDS group gains more QALYs than the CCA group, albeit at a higher cost. The incremental cost\u2010effectiveness ratio for UDS is \u00a326\u2009462, with a probability of being cost\u2010effective of 45.3% at \u00a320\u2009000 per QALY gained and 53.8% at \u00a330\u2009000 per QALY gained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of UDS in women with a diagnosis of OAB and whose condition is refractory to initial medical and conservative treatments is unlikely to be cost\u2010effective when examined from a UK perspective and with a lifetime horizon. Despite having access to the FUTURE study data, the parameterisation of the model is limited by the current evidence base. An ongoing long\u2010term follow\u2010up study will help reduce these uncertainties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T03:59:56Z","timestamp":1745035196000},"page":"82-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Long\u2010term cost\u2010effectiveness of invasive urodynamic studies for overactive bladder in women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Helen","family":"Bell\u2010Gorrod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Thokala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Breeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services research Unit University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services research Unit University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"MacLennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Services research Unit University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdel\u2010Fattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research University of Aberdeen  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7394-7009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Population Health University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6657.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/22.3.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"NICE.Urinary incontinence in women: Management. 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