{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:56:55Z","timestamp":1786114615221,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011343","name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011343","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop a drug\u2010releasing intravesical floating technology (DRIFT) device for controlled sequential delivery of gemcitabine and docetaxel (Gem\/Doce) to optimise the treatment of non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) while enabling patient mobility and self\u2010removal, as sequential intravesical Gem\/Doce has been increasingly utilised but has logistical limitations requiring prolonged clinic visits and patient immobilisation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DRIFT device features a three\u2010dimensional printed perforated tube with latex sleeve, dissolvable polyvinyl acetate and polyvinylpyrrolidone end cap with adjustable fluorinated polymer (FluoroPel) coating, and patient\u2010removal suture. A 14\u2010F catheter is placed and intravesical gemcitabine is instilled. The deflated DRIFT device is inserted via catheter and inflated with docetaxel and air. The catheter is removed, allowing gemcitabine to dwell temporarily and be voided by the patient. The DRIFT device remains in the bladder and subsequently releases docetaxel in a controlled, delayed fashion, followed by patient removal. Its flexible, buoyant design supports patient mobility and maintains unimpeded urinary flow. Dissolution kinetics were evaluated using methylene blue, device performance was assessed in Merino sheep, and docetaxel tissue penetration was evaluated in rabbit bladder tissue using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The DRIFT device demonstrated adaptable drug release through FluoroPel coating optimisation, with dissolution times extending significantly from zero to three coatings (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Docetaxel release kinetics plateaued between 2.0 and 3.0\u2009mL volumes. Sheep studies revealed similar timed drug release as\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      testing. Escalating gemcitabine concentrations enhanced docetaxel tissue penetration, with peak concentrations reaching 0.45 vs 0.08\u2009mg\/mL in controls. Extended gemcitabine dwell time (up to 4\u2009h) further improved docetaxel delivery, achieving significant enhancement in deep tissue penetration (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The DRIFT enables controlled sequential delivery of Gem\/Doce, reliably maintaining docetaxel containment for up to 120\u2009min during gemcitabine pre\u2010treatment. Future\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      validation will establish safety and therapeutic potential. This platform has broader applications beyond NMIBC, including urinary tract infections and interstitial cystitis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.70060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T08:10:18Z","timestamp":1762157418000},"page":"360-367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Drug\u2010releasing intravesical floating technology for sequential gemcitabine and docetaxel in non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Ashley C.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University  Durham NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn A.","family":"McClintic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikenna","family":"Nwosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Balk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianling","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6853-5445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melinda Z.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology Rutgers Cancer Institute  New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vignesh T.","family":"Packiam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology Rutgers Cancer Institute  New Brunswick NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Carver College of Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"},{"name":"Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041345"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2024.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2022.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16716"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2023.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002740"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.0849"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2023.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2021.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-150008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003977"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2023.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer: overview and contemporary treatment landscape of neoadjuvant chemoablative therapies","volume":"22","author":"Matulewicz RS","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13020166"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003804"}],"container-title":["BJU International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.70060","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bju.70060","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.70060","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T21:14:53Z","timestamp":1785964493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bju.70060"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bju.70060"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.70060","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-4096","1464-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-4096","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-410X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}