{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:08:27Z","timestamp":1787069307119,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To apply a trial emulation method using the \u2018ENZAlutamide in first line androgen deprivation therapy for METastatic prostate cancer\u2019 (ENZAMET) trial data to assess the effects of adding early docetaxel to enzalutamide on overall survival (OS) in metastatic hormone\u2010sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), as the benefits of adding early docetaxel to novel androgen\u2010receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The ENZAMET trial randomised 1125 patients with mHSPC to testosterone suppression plus enzalutamide or standard non\u2010steroidal antiandrogen therapy. Investigators indicated at pre\u2010randomisation if they planned to use early docetaxel. We emulated randomised comparisons of four treatments: (i) docetaxel plus enzalutamide, (ii) no docetaxel plus enzalutamide, (iii) docetaxel plus no enzalutamide, and (iv) no docetaxel plus no enzalutamide. Propensity score matching was applied to mitigate selection bias. OS was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 987 matched participants (87.7%), baseline characteristics were balanced. OS was similar with or without planned use of early docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92\u20131.12;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.72), with effect modification by enzalutamide use (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Among those assigned enzalutamide, OS was similar according to the planned use of early docetaxel or not (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94\u20131.49), regardless of disease volume (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.37). Among those assigned no enzalutamide, OS was longer with the planned use of early docetaxel (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82\u20130.98), especially in high\u2010volume disease (interaction\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early docetaxel did not appear to improve survival when added to enzalutamide, regardless of disease volume, whereas it did appear to improve survival when enzalutamide was not used, particularly in high\u2010volume disease. While residual confounding could not be excluded, these findings do not support the routine addition of early docetaxel to enzalutamide in mHSPC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T09:38:47Z","timestamp":1762335527000},"page":"173-180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Target trial emulation of early docetaxel and enzalutamide for metastatic hormone\u2010sensitive prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1995-2170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu Yang","family":"Soon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology National University Cancer Institute  Singapore Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C.","family":"Marschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. Manjula","family":"Schou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"},{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian D.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health  Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin R.","family":"Stockler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Concord Repatriation General Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Chris O'Brien Lifehouse  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Clinical Trials Centre University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"ULTRA The University of Queensland Clinical Trials Capability, Centre for Clinical Research  Herston, Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503747"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.3657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01037-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz396"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00063-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00193"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702900"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704174"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2022.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2022.7762"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2023.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","unstructured":"GreiferN StuartEA.Choosing the causal Estimand for propensity score analysis of observational studies.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v042.i08"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000595"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","unstructured":"GreiferN.cobalt: Covariate Balance Tables and Plots. 4.5.5.9000 edn.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00367-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00427-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280215623981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","unstructured":"UCL MCTUa.STOPCAP M1. 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