{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T10:08:47Z","timestamp":1779185327051,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess prostate volume (PV) changes with age in symptomatic and asymptomatic men with and without clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). In symptomatic patients, we additionally analysed the effect of age and csPCa on PSA and PSA\u2010density (PSA\u2010D) and compared these to current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended PSA age\u2010range thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Patients and Methods<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>This single\u2010centre retrospective cross\u2010sectional study included 2512 men: 760 asymptomatic, disease\u2010free men and 1752 patients referred on a PCa diagnostic pathway. Magnetic resonance imaging\u2010derived whole\u2010gland PV was recorded for all patients. A machine\u2010learning pipeline with k\u2010fold cross validation modelled relationships between PV and age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In asymptomatic men (median PV 25.4\u2009mL), the mean PV per age\u2010group increased non\u2010linearly with age, from 18.7\u2009mL at an increase of 0.10\u2009mL\/year aged 18\u2009years, to 41.3\u2009mL at 0.68\u2009mL\/year aged 89\u2009years, with increased rate of change from the age of 48.9\u2009years. Significant positive relationships were shown between PSA and age in patients with and without csPCa (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.09 vs 0.13, respectively), with PSA increasing by mean 0.17\u2009ng\/mL\/year across groups. Patients with csPCa had consistently higher PSA levels. PSA\u2010D showed significant age\u2010related linear increases in patients with csPCa but remained consistently lower in those without csPCa at all ages (0.10\u20130.11\u2009ng\/mL\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), allowing differentiation at a threshold of &gt;0.15\u2009ng\/mL\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In asymptomatic men, PV changed non\u2010linearly with age. Age\u2010related PSA thresholds are supported; however, a static PSA\u2010D threshold of 0.15\u2009ng\/mL\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      can be applied across all age ranges.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:16:07Z","timestamp":1772968567000},"page":"805-812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The influence of age and the presence of prostate cancer on prostate volume,\n                    <scp>PSA<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>PSA density<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1678-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jill","family":"Rusbridge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Addenbrooke's Hospital  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iztok","family":"Caglic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liness","family":"Thavaraja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Addenbrooke's Hospital  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4500-9714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikita","family":"Sushentsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tristan","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2012.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710083171501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2013.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510070082041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis and Management (NICE Guideline NG131). London: NICE;2019. Available at:https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng131. Accessed February 10 2026)"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Recommendations Organised by Site of Cancer | Suspected Cancer: Recognition and Referral | Guidance","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-018-1014-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)37393-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.693684"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2019.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.06.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2025.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2019.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2017.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2014.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-017-0024-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1999.tb02545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-010-0638-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655900750016553"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32456-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)61621-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6932572"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.3236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2605.2001.00267.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07545-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310014760"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.01.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13810"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13193-012-0142-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-9124(03)00003-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2022.03.004"}],"container-title":["BJU International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.70169","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bju.70169","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bju.70169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T07:59:42Z","timestamp":1776067182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bju.70169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bju.70169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bju.70169","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1464-4096","1464-410X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1464-4096","type":"print"},{"value":"1464-410X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}