{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:45:55Z","timestamp":1790660755747,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the impact of specific Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) failure phenotypes on treatment outcomes with intravesical gemcitabine\/docetaxel in high\u2010risk non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer (HR\u2010NMIBC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A BCG failure was classified according to the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)\/International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) definitions and analysed as early refractory BCG failure, early non\u2010refractory BCG failure, or late BCG relapse. Kaplan\u2013Meier methods were used to estimate recurrence\u2010free survival (RFS), high\u2010grade RFS (HG\u2010RFS), and progression\u2010free survival (PFS). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for histology, multifocality, and tumour size, were used to assess the association between BCG failure patterns and oncological outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 143 patients included, 72 had early non\u2010refractory BCG failure, 36 had early refractory BCG failure, and 35 experienced late BCG relapse. The median follow\u2010up was 12\u2009months. At 12\u2009months, the RFS was 67% (95% confidence interval [CI] 55\u201382%) in early non\u2010refractory BCG failure, 54% (95% CI 36\u201382%) in early refractory BCG failure, and 84% (95% CI 70\u2013100%) in late BCG relapse (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Corresponding HG\u2010RFS rates were 75% (95% CI 64\u201388%), 58% (95% CI 39\u201387%), and 87% (95% CI 75\u2013100%), respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The PFS remained &gt;90% across all groups at 12\u2009months. On multivariable analysis, both early non\u2010refractory BCG failure (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 3.20, 95% CI 1.31\u20137.82;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011) and early refractory BCG failure (aHR 3.59, 95% CI 1.28\u201310.1;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015) were associated with a significantly higher risk of recurrence compared with late BCG relapse, with consistent findings for HG recurrence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gemcitabine\/docetaxel demonstrated meaningful activity across all BCG failure types, with late BCG relapsing patients achieving the most favourable outcomes and refractory disease showing the poorest control. These findings underscore the clinical relevance of distinguishing BCG failure subtypes when selecting candidates for post\u2010BCG intravesical gemcitabine\/docetaxel and designing future prospective trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.70182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T16:10:27Z","timestamp":1772986227000},"page":"821-828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of\n                    <scp>BCG<\/scp>\n                    failure patterns on efficacy of intravesical gemcitabine\/docetaxel in high\u2010risk non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6126-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Scilipoti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8050-9388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Zaurito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Longoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9363-682X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Tremolada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Occhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Dutto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital University of Studies of Torino  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Katzendorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology UROSUD La Croix Du Sud Hospital  Quint\u2010Fonsegrives France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Krajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Oncologic Urology Wroc\u0142aw Medical University  Wroclaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8953-0272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Laukhtina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Elena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hospital Universitario de C\u00e1ceres  C\u00e1ceres Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hospital Universitario de C\u00e1ceres  C\u00e1ceres Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7011-0537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Contieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute IRCCS  Rozzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Hurle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute IRCCS  Rozzano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4176-8174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Daniel","family":"Subiela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palma Estella","family":"Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gautier","family":"Marcq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille  Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Szostek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Claude Huriez Hospital, CHU Lille  Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5286-9048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renate","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"\u00c1lvarez\u2010Maestro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hospital Universitario La Paz  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo Aguilera","family":"Baz\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hospital Universitario La Paz  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4392-6861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Klatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Helios Hospital  Bad Saarow Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane  Neuruppin Brandenburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albane Massiet","family":"du Biest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Bichat\u2010Claude Bernard Hospital, AP\u2010HP Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Ferrando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Buisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Villares","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital of Toledo  Toledo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8443-8453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital University of Studies of Torino  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Pradere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology UROSUD La Croix Du Sud Hospital  Quint\u2010Fonsegrives France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1625-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"D\u2032Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh F.","family":"Shariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute of Urology and Andrology  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern  Dallas TX USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Prague Czechia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Colecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Montorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Briganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Gontero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital University of Studies of Torino  Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evanguelos","family":"Xylinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Bichat\u2010Claude Bernard Hospital, AP\u2010HP Universit\u00e9 de Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Moschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Oncology\/Unit of Urology URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele  Milan Italy"},{"name":"Vita\u2010Salute San Raffaele University  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the European Association of Urology \u2013 Young Academic Urologists (EAU\u2010YAU), Urothelial Carcinoma Working Group and the EuroGemDoce Study Group Collaborators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.4070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2025.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000001324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241612596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2022.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2023.06.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-170126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-2782"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of checkpoint inhibitors combined with bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) in BCG\u2010na\u00efve high\u2010risk non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer: synthesis of evidence from the ALBAN, CREST, and POTOMAC trials","author":"Scilipoti P","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2024.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2021.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16675"}],"container-title":["BJU 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