{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:07:18Z","timestamp":1788847638435,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008497","name":"Boston Scientific Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the temperature changes with laser activation when providing irrigation with a pressure bag vs a fluid management system (FMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Benchtop experiments were performed with a LithoVue\u2122 Elite (Boston Scientific Corp., Marlborough, MA, USA) flexible ureteroscope placed through an 11\/13\u2010F ureteric access sheath into a benchtop pelvicalyceal kidney model. Room temperature saline irrigation, via the scope, was provided either with a pressure bag or FMS. Both systems were pressurised to 200\u2009mmHg and left for 10\u2009min. After 10\u2009min, a holmium:yttrium\u2010aluminium\u2010garnet laser was activated at 20, 40, or 60\u2009W for 90\u2009s. Flow rate, irrigation pressure, intrarenal pressure and calyceal temperature were recorded continuously. Experiments were repeated five times. Benchtop empirical temperature data were compared to mathematical model predictions. The mathematical model was then used to predict calyx temperature as a function of flow rate in\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pressure\u2010bag irrigation flow rate declined from ~38 to ~25\u2009mL\/min (36%) over 10\u2009min, whereas the FMS maintained stable flow of ~45\u2009mL\/min. Intrarenal pressure remained \u226430\u2009mmHg in all experiments. Consequently, the benchtop calyx mean (standard deviation) temperature rise with pressure bag vs FMS irrigation was: at 20\u2009W 7.9\u2009(1.0)\u00b0C vs 6.4\u2009(0.6)\u00b0C (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02); at 40\u2009W 12.8\u2009(3.2)\u00b0C vs 10.3\u2009(1.7)\u00b0C (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.15); at 60\u2009W 17\u2009(3.4)\u00b0C vs 12.4\u2009(1.2)\u00b0C (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Irrigation flow rate is a key determinant of thermal risk during laser lithotripsy. An automated FMS can maintain consistent flow; mitigating temperature rise and thermal dose in a benchtop model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.70364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1783482571000},"page":"650-658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Automated irrigation systems in mitigating laser\u2010induced temperature during simulated ureteroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3449-8594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Menzies\u2010Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgery University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Scientific Corporation 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