{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:07:19Z","timestamp":1788847639185,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe contemporary trends in kidney stone disease (KSD)\u2010related inpatient episodes, procedures, and costs in England and Scotland, with emphasis on post\u2010coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) service recovery, socioeconomic variation in Scotland, comparison with other urological procedures, and 10\u2010year healthcare demand and cost projections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective descriptive analyses were conducted using English Hospital Episode Statistics (2020\u20132025) and Public Health Scotland data (2019\u20132024). KSD\u2010related finished consultant inpatient episodes and procedures were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision and Operation and Procedures fourth edition codes, respectively. Procedures were categorised as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, ureterorenoscopy (URS), percutaneous nephrolithotomy, or open. Trends were compared with uro\u2010oncological resections and benign prostate obstruction procedures. Socioeconomic variation was assessed using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. The 10\u2010year healthcare demand and cost projections, accounting for National Health Service (NHS) cost uplift factors, were modelled using historical data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID\u201019 pandemic disproportionately reduced KSD\u2010associated activity compared with procedures for bladder and kidney cancer. Although volumes now exceed pre\u2010pandemic levels, inpatient episodes remain below baseline and waiting times remain prolonged. Between 2020 and 2025, inpatient episodes increased by 27.4% in England and 17% in Scotland, with URS accounting for &gt;50% of interventions. KSD procedural volumes are comparable to the combined volume of uro\u2010oncological resections and benign prostatic obstruction procedures. In Scotland, 44% of procedures were performed in the two most deprived socioeconomic quintiles versus 37% in the two least deprived. In England, KSD\u2010associated episodes are projected to increase by 33% to 111\u2009907 (95% confidence interval 96\u2009057\u2013130\u2009373) by 2034\u20132035, with an estimated cumulative NHS cost of \u00a31.82\u2009billion over the next decade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kidney stone disease exacts a growing burden on healthcare services with incomplete recovery of inpatient care following the COVID\u201019 pandemic, socioeconomic disparities, and rising healthcare demand. These findings can inform service planning and prioritise evaluation of strategies to improve efficiency, equity, and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.70409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T08:48:26Z","timestamp":1786524506000},"page":"620-629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in kidney stone disease: a 5\u2010year update of stone management in England and Scotland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8557-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine E.","family":"Lovegrove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology University Hospital Monklands  Airdrie UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9128-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Geraghty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology Freeman Hospital  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4404-1926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology Queen Elizabeth University Hospital  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hing Y.","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cancer Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology Queen Elizabeth University Hospital  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Turney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Urology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13520"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2011.10495.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.11.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","article-title":"Direct in\u2010scope suction (DISS) ureteroscopy: techniques, outcomes and future directions","volume":"45","author":"Patel PU","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","article-title":"Suction in mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a meta\u2010analysis from the European Association of Urology section of Endourology","volume":"25","author":"Adhoni MZU","year":"2025","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i52"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68071-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.14991"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"NHS Digital.Hospital Admitted Patient Care Activity. 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