{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:59:10Z","timestamp":1790845150657,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJU International"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study familial prostate cancer (PCa) between first\u2010degree relatives (FDRs) and second\u2010degree relatives (SDRs), we accessed Swedish nationwide family and cancer data that extended through three generations and thus providing a unique chance for study of familial cancer in PCa between close and distant relatives (SDRs). The specific aim was to show the usefulness of data on maternal and paternal uncles and grandfathers for risk assessment on young patients with PCa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Familial relative risks (standardised incidence ratios [SIRs]) for PCa were calculated for young men (aged &lt;69\u2009years) in the third generation when their brothers, fathers, uncles and grandparents were diagnosed with PCa (they were probands).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Familial SIRs for two affected brothers were 4.1 but when, additionally a SDR (uncle or grandfather) was affected SIR reached 10.1. When a father was the proband, SIR was 3.1 but when, additionally a SDR was affected SIR reached 4.7, and risk increased up to 11.5 with increasing numbers of affected SDRs. Patients with affected SDRs were more numerous than those with affected FDRs. When a maternal or paternal grandfather was the only proband the SIR for both was about 1.6. Maternal and paternal uncles transmitted a risk of 1.8 and 1.5, respectively, and when two uncles were affected, the SIR climbed to about 2.0. The highest familial risk of 27 was found for affected brothers with a father and two SDRs diagnosed with PCa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results showed that for the young patients in the third generation the richest sources of familial probands were SDRs. The uncles belong to the generation of fathers, and they are likely to be more numerous than grandparents. Maternal and paternal SDRs are equally informative for genetic counselling and both parental lineages should be used as they provide equal familial information about the risks of PCa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.70465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:19:56Z","timestamp":1790842796000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Three\u2010generation familial risks in early\u2010onset prostate cancer with maternal and paternal relatives"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2769-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kari","family":"Hemminki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Pilsen Czech Republic"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7600-7143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frantisek","family":"Zitricky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine Charles University  Pilsen Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8031-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"University Clinic Primary Care Sk\u00e5ne  Region Sk\u00e5ne Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7228-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Sundquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Primary Health Care Research Lund University  Malm\u00f6 Sweden"},{"name":"University Clinic Primary Care Sk\u00e5ne  Region Sk\u00e5ne Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9857-4728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asta","family":"F\u00f6rsti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ)  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurooncology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akseli","family":"Hemminki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3396-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otto","family":"Hemminki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Department of Urology Helsinki University Hospital  Helsinki 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