{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:46:50Z","timestamp":1782978410068,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008108","name":"Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCRD\u2010TPE\u2010113\u201020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD\u2010TPE\u2010113\u201020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biology of the Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops through the stepwise accumulation of genetic alterations, including mutations in\n                    <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>TP53<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which drive tumor initiation and progression. Although advances in genomic profiling have significantly improved our understanding of CRC, translating these alterations into functional outcomes and therapeutic responses remains a major challenge. This limitation arises from tumor heterogeneity, context\u2010dependent signaling, and the dynamic nature of tumor evolution. Recent advances in patient\u2010derived organoids (PDOs) have provided a platform that preserves tumor\u2010specific architecture and genetic features, enabling functional interrogation of drug responses. However, PDOs lack critical components of the tumor microenvironment, such as stromal, immune, and mechanical cues. Organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip (OoC) technologies, particularly organoid\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip systems in which PDOs are integrated into microfluidic devices, further address these limitations by recapitulating physiological conditions and multicellular interactions. In this review, we discuss the genetic evolution of CRC and highlight how emerging functional models, including PDOs and organoid\u2010on\u2010a\u2010chip platforms, bridge the gap between genomic alterations and tumor behavior. We propose that integrating these platforms offers a promising framework for advancing functional precision medicine and improving our understanding of CRC biology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/boc.70072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T12:21:12Z","timestamp":1782303672000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["From Genomic Alterations to Functional Tumor Biology: Integrating Organoids and Organ\u2010on\u2010a\u2010Chip in Colorectal Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2625-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woei\u2011Yau","family":"Kao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\u2011Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation  New Taipei City Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine Tzu Chi University  Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8708-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u2010Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Biomodels National Institutes of Applied Research  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4563-0458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu\u2010Ming","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation  New Taipei City 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