{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T16:00:27Z","timestamp":1785168027641,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biology of the Cell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Oxidative stress has a significant role in the origination and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by interrupting cellular redox homeostasis and gene regulation. The nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2013related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is a major regulator of antioxidant defense, activating cytoprotective genes under stress conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim<\/jats:title>\n The study highlight the dual role of the Kelch\u2010like ECH\u2010associated protein\u20101 (Keap1)\/Nrf2 signaling pathway in the development, progression, and therapeutic resistance of OSCC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology<\/jats:title>\n Literature was conducted to evaluate the role of oxidative stress and Keap1\/Nrf2 signaling in OSCC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Nrf2 protects normal cells from oxidative damage, its persistent activation in cancer cells promotes tumor progression, metabolic reprogramming, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Dysregulation of the Keap1\/Nrf2 axis enhances cancer cell survival and contributes to radioresistance in OSCC. However, Nrf2 displays a dual function as both a tumor suppressor and promoter.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n The Keap1\/Nrf2 signaling pathway plays a key role in OSCC pathogenesis and treatment resistance. Targeting the Keap1\/Nrf2 signaling pathway may provide a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome treatment resistance in OSCC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/boc.70073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:03:51Z","timestamp":1782975831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oxidative Stress and Nrf2 Signaling Role in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Double\u2010Edged Sword"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Ashraf Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy City University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Shal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Sarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamshid","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Sciences Iqra National University Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6672-0209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Sciences Iqra National University Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kannan RR","family":"Rengasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (LNPMC), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1215637"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083479"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.225680.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-16-0127"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2015.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-022-00776-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2012.00200"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081879"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806268105"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-020-00456-6"}],"container-title":["Biology 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