{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:18:44Z","timestamp":1790129924001,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,18]],"date-time":"2013-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We report the neuropathological findings in 10\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010infected patients treated by combination antiretroviral therapy who developed subacute encephalopathy of rapidly progressive onset. Brain biopsy showed encephalitic lesions variably associated with myelin loss and slight axonal damage. There was inconstant, weak expression of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    protein p24; tests for other pathogens were negative. The most striking feature was diffuse, perivascular and intraparenchymal infiltration by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD8+ T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010lymphocytes. Six patients improved after the treatment. Four had an unfavorable outcome and died within a year. Post\u2010mortem in one case confirmed\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    leukoencephalitis with p24\u2010positive multinucleated giant cells, associated with acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) in the cerebellum. There was diffuse infiltration by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD8+<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    lymphocytes;\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    +\u2009cells were virtually absent. These cases may represent a specific clinicopathological entity, of which a few comparable cases have been already described. They can be included in the wide framework of immune reconstitution disease. Such syndromes have been described with opportunistic infections, but only seldom with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    infection of the central nervous system (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ). Our findings support the hypothesis that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD8+<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cytotoxic lymphocytes can be harmful in immune reconstitution disease, particularly in the absence of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD4+<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    lymphocytes.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD8<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cytotoxicity produces an acutization of a smoldering infection and\/or an immunopathological reaction similar to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADEM<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,24]],"date-time":"2013-01-24T09:25:39Z","timestamp":1359019539000},"page":"525-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Encephalitis with Infiltration by\n                    <scp>CD8+<\/scp>\n                    Lymphocytes in\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    Patients Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Central d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques AP\u2010HP, H\u00f4pital Lariboisi\u00e8re\u2014Universit\u00e9 Paris 7  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois Xavier","family":"Lescure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Maladies Infectieuse et Tropicales APHP H\u00f4pital Tenon\u2014Universit\u00e9 Paris 6  Paris France"},{"name":"CDR Saint\u2010Antoine INSERM UMR S938  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homa","family":"Adle\u2010Biassette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service Central d'Anatomie et de Cytologie 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