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In this article, we comprehensively review and critically appraise the existing literature on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP4\u2010Ab<\/jats:styled-content> testing. All available immunoassays\u2014including tissue\u2010based (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IHC<\/jats:styled-content>), cell\u2010based (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICC<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FACS<\/jats:styled-content>) and protein\u2010based (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RIPA<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FIPA<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>estern blotting) assays\u2014and their differential advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Estimates for sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios are calculated for all published studies and accuracies of the various immunoassay techniques compared. Subgroup analyses are provided for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LETM<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ON<\/jats:styled-content>, for relapsing vs. monophasic disease, and for various control groups (eg, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> vs. other controls). Numerous aspects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP4\u2010Ab<\/jats:styled-content> testing relevant for clinicians (eg, impact of antibody titers and longitudinal testing, indications for repeat testing, relevance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> testing and subclass analysis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP4\u2010Ab<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with rheumatic diseases) as well as technical aspects (eg, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP4\u2010M1<\/jats:styled-content> vs. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP4\u2010M23<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based assays, intact <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP4<\/jats:styled-content> vs. peptide substrates, effect of storage conditions and freeze\/thaw cycles) and pitfalls are discussed. Finally, recommendations for the clinical application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NMO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IgG<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AQP4\u2010Ab<\/jats:styled-content> serology are given.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]],"date-time":"2013-10-14T06:19:27Z","timestamp":1381731567000},"page":"661-683","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":230,"title":["Aquaporin\u20104 Antibodies (<scp>NMO<\/scp>\u2010<scp>IgG<\/scp>) as a Serological Marker of Neuromyelitis Optica: A Critical Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sven","family":"Jarius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology Department of Neurology University of Heidelberg  Heidelberg 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