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We studied the cortical wall of non\u2010cystic and cystic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWMI<\/jats:styled-content> cases and controls. Non\u2010cystic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWMI<\/jats:styled-content> corresponded to diffuse white matter lesions, the predominant injury currently detected by imaging. Glial cell populations were analyzed in post\u2010mortem human frontal lobes from very preterm [24\u201329 postconceptional weeks (pcw)] and preterm infants (30\u201334\u2009pcw) using immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GFAP<\/jats:styled-content>), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCT1<\/jats:styled-content>), ionized calcium\u2010binding adapter molecule 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>ba1), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>68 and oligodendrocyte lineage (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>lig2). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>lial activation extended into the subplate in non\u2010cystic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWMI<\/jats:styled-content> but was restricted to the white matter in cystic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWMI<\/jats:styled-content>. Two major age\u2010related and laminar differences were observed in non\u2010cystic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWMI<\/jats:styled-content>: in very preterm cases, activated microglial cells were increased and extended into the subplate adjacent to the lesion, whereas in preterm cases, an astroglial reaction was seen not only in the subplate but throughout the cortical plate. There were no differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>lig2\u2010positive pre\u2010oligodendrocytes in the subplate in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWMI<\/jats:styled-content> cases compared with controls. The involvement of gliosis in the deep subplate supports the concept of the complex cellular vulnerability of the subplate zone during the preterm period and may explain widespread changes in magnetic resonance signal intensity in early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PWMI<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T17:21:09Z","timestamp":1382548869000},"page":"128-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Involvement of the Subplate Zone in Preterm Infants with Periventricular White Matter Injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ivana","family":"Pogledic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm U676  Paris"},{"name":"Croatian Institute for Brain Research Medical School University of Zagreb  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