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However, issues of reproducibility and survivability persist in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content> models of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> injuries. Furthermore, there are currently no pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content> models of ischemic brain injury. Therefore, we have developed a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHP<\/jats:styled-content> model of cortical focal ischemia that is highly reproducible throughout life to enable better understanding of downstream consequences of injury. Posterior cerebral arterial occlusion was induced through intracortical injections of endothelin\u20101 in adult (n\u2009=\u20095) and neonatal (n\u2009=\u20093) marmosets, followed by magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>), histology and immunohistochemistry. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> revealed tissue hyperintensity at the lesion site at 1\u20137 days followed by isointensity at 14\u201321 days. Peripheral macrophage and serum albumin infiltration was detected at 1 day, persisting at 21 days. The proportional loss of total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>1 as a result of infarction was consistent in adults and neonates. Minor hemorrhagic transformation was detected at 21 days at the lesion core, while neovascularization was detected in neonates, but not in adults. We have developed a highly reproducible and survivable model of focal ischemia in the adult and neonatal marmoset primary visual cortex, demonstrating similar downstream anatomical and cellular pathology to those observed in post\u2010ischemic humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,12]],"date-time":"2014-02-12T11:40:03Z","timestamp":1392205203000},"page":"459-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["A Reproducible and Translatable Model of Focal Ischemia in the Visual Cortex of Infant and Adult Marmoset Monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Leon","family":"Teo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute Monash University  Clayton Vic. 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