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The central nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>) is special in that fibrogenic cells are restricted to vascular and meningeal niches. However, disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier and inflammation can unleash stromal cells and trigger scar formation. Astroglia segregate from the inflammatory lesion core, and the so\u2010called \u201cglial scar\u201d composed of hypertrophic astrocytes seals off the intact neural tissue from damage. In the lesion core, a second type of \u201cfibrotic scar\u201d develops, which is sensitive to inflammatory mediators. Genetic fate mapping studies suggest that pericytes and perivascular fibroblasts are activated, but other precursor cells may also be involved in generating a transient fibrous extracellular matrix in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>. The stromal cells sense inflammation and attract immune cells, which in turn drive myofibroblast transdifferentiation. We believe that the fibrotic scar represents a major barrier to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> regeneration. Targeting of fibrosis may therefore prove to be a valuable therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders such as stroke, spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T14:55:09Z","timestamp":1403189709000},"page":"404-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["The Fibrotic Scar in Neurological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Klett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Priller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  Berlin 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