{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:45:52Z","timestamp":1787013952721,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,19]],"date-time":"2014-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["100100235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100100235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"First Candle\/SIDS Alliance"},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Australia","award":["359250"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["359250"]}]},{"name":"National Institue of Child Health and Development","award":["P01HD13063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HD13063"]}]},{"name":"Victorian Governments Operational Infrastructure Support Scheme."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brain Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exposure to nicotine during pregnancy via maternal cigarette smoking is associated with visual deficits in children. This is possibly due to the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nAChRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) in the occipital cortex, which are important in the development of visual mapping. Using a baboon model, we explored the effects of prenatal nicotine on parameters in the primary and associated visual cortices. Pregnant baboons were infused with nicotine (0.5\u2009mg\/h, intravenous) or saline from 86 days gestation. At 161 days gestation, fetal brains were collected (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">n<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2009=\u20095 per group) and the occipital lobe assessed for\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nAChRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and markers of the serotonergic and catecholaminergic systems using tissue autoradiography and\/or high\u2010performance liquid chromatography. Neuronal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nAChRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and serotonergic markers were expressed in a region\u2010 and subunit\u2010dependent manner. Prenatal nicotine exposure was associated with increased binding for\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010epibatidine sensitive\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nAChRs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in the primary visual cortex [\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    rodmann areas (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) 17] and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    18, but not\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    19, of the associative visual cortex (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Markers of the serotonergic or catecholaminergic systems were not significantly altered. Thus, prenatal nicotine exposure is associated with alterations in the cholinergic system in the occipital lobe, which may aid in the explanation of the appearance of visual deficits in children from mothers who smoke during pregnancy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,5]],"date-time":"2014-06-05T08:05:08Z","timestamp":1401955508000},"page":"171-181","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Selectively Affects Nicotinic Receptor Expression in Primary and Associative Visual Cortices of the Fetal Baboon"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jhodie R.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 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