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In recent years, neuroimaging and pathological studies have informed on the pathogenesis of sporadic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVD<\/jats:styled-content> and several single gene (monogenic) disorders predisposing to subcortical strokes and diffuse white matter disease. However, one of the limitations toward studying <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVD<\/jats:styled-content> lies in the lack of consistent assessment criteria and lesion burden for both clinical and pathological measures. Arteriolosclerosis and diffuse white matter changes are the hallmark features of both sporadic and hereditary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVDs<\/jats:styled-content>. The pathogenesis of the arteriopathy is the key to understanding the differential progression of disease in various <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVDs<\/jats:styled-content>. Remarkably, quantification of microvascular abnormalities in sporadic and hereditary <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVDs<\/jats:styled-content> has shown that qualitatively the processes involved in arteriolar degeneration are largely similar in sporadic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVD<\/jats:styled-content> compared with hereditary disorders such as cerebral autosomal arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CADASIL<\/jats:styled-content>). Important significant regional differences in lesion location within the brain may enable one to distinguish <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVDs<\/jats:styled-content>, where frontal lobe involvement appears consistently with almost every <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVD<\/jats:styled-content>, but others bear specific pathologies in other lobes, such as the temporal pole in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CADASIL<\/jats:styled-content> and the pons in pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy and leukoencephalopathy or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PADMAL<\/jats:styled-content>. Additionally, degenerative changes in the vascular smooth muscle cells, the cerebral endothelium and the basal lamina are often rapid and more aggressive in genetic disorders. Further quantification of other microvascular elements and even neuronal cells is needed to fully characterize <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SVD<\/jats:styled-content> pathogenesis and to differentiate the usefulness of vascular interventions and treatments on the resulting pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T12:39:58Z","timestamp":1413463198000},"page":"495-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Microvascular Pathology and Morphometrics of Sporadic and Hereditary Small Vessel Diseases of the Brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Lucinda J.L.","family":"Craggs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Ageing and Health Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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