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They are associated with vascular risk factors and small vessel disease, suggesting an ischemic origin, but recent pathology studies suggest a more complex pathogenesis. Studies using samples from the population\u2010representative\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    edical\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    esearch\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ouncil\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ognitive\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    unction and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    geing\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    tudy neuropathology cohort used post\u2010mortem magnetic resonance imaging to identify\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    for further study. Expression of hypoxia\u2010related molecules and other injury and protective cellular pathways in candidate immunohistochemical and gene expression microarray studies support a role for hypoxia\/ischemia. However, these approaches also suggest that immune activation, blood\u2013brain barrier dysfunction, altered cell metabolic pathways and glial cell injury contribute to pathogenesis. These abnormalities are not confined to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , but are also found in apparently normal white matter in brains with lesions, suggesting a field effect of white matter abnormality within which lesions arise.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are an active pathology with a complex pathogenesis that may potentially offer a number of primary and secondary intervention targets.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,21]],"date-time":"2014-12-21T19:28:15Z","timestamp":1419190095000},"page":"35-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Age\u2010Associated White Matter Lesions: The\n                    <scp>MRC C<\/scp>\n                    ognitive\n                    <scp>F<\/scp>\n                    unction and\n  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