{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:07:22Z","timestamp":1790240842555,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,5]],"date-time":"2018-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The recent outbreak of Zika virus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>) infection and the associated increased prevalence of microcephaly in Brazil underline the impact of viral infections on embryo fetal development. The aim of the present study is to provide a detailed clinical and histopathological study of the fetal disruption caused by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>, with a special focus on the associated neuropathological findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A detailed feto\u2010placental examination, as well as neuropathological and neurobiological studies were performed on three fetuses collected after pregnancy termination between 22 and 25 weeks of gestation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WG<\/jats:styled-content>), because brain malformations associated with a maternal and fetal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> infection was diagnosed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all three cases, the maternal infection occurred during the first trimester of pregnancy. A small head was observed on the ultrasound examination of the second trimester of pregnancy and led to the diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> fetopathy and pregnancy termination. The fetal histopathological examination was unremarkable on the viscera but showed on the testis an interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate. The placenta contained a Hofbauer cells hyperplasia with signs of inflammation. Neuropathological findings included a meningoencephalitis and an <jats:italic>ex va<\/jats:italic>cuo hydrocephalus. Immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of T lymphocytic and histiocytic meningitis associated with an abundant cerebral astroglial and macrophagic reaction. <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization demonstrated, abundant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> particles within the cerebral parenchyma mainly in the ventricular\/subventricular zone and in the cortical plate. In addition massive cells death and endoplasmic reticulum damage were present.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study reports on the clinical and histopathological findings observed in three fetuses infected by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>. It emphasizes the severity of brain damages and the minimal visceral and placental changes observed upon <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> infection. This confirms the selective neurotropism of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>. Finally, it allows us to describe the cascade of multifactorial developmental defects leading to microcephaly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T07:33:14Z","timestamp":1531985594000},"page":"114-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A clinical and histopathological study of malformations observed in fetuses infected by the Zika virus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0206-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Beaufr\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d'Histologie\u2010Embryologie\u2010Cytog\u00e9n\u00e9tique H\u00f4pital Universitaire Necker\u2010Enfants Malades, APHP Paris 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