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In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of A\u03b2 deposits in the ipsilateral thalamus and hippocampus 12 months post\u2010stroke in non\u2010human primates, whose brains are structurally and functionally similar to that of humans. Four young male cynomolgus monkeys were subjected to unilateral permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and another four sham\u2010operated monkeys served as controls. All monkeys underwent magnetic resonance imaging examination on post\u2010operative day 7 to assess the location and size of the infarction. The numbers of neurons, astrocytes, microglia and the A\u03b2 load in the non\u2010affected thalamus and hippocampus ipsilaterally remote from infarct foci were examined immunohistochemically at sacrifice 12 months after operation. Thioflavin S and Congo Red stainings were used to identify amyloid deposits. Multiple A\u03b2 antibodies recognizing both the N\u2010terminal and C\u2010terminal epitopes of A\u03b2 peptides were used to avoid antibody cross\u2010reactivity. A\u03b2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were examined using enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. The initial infarct was restricted to the left temporal, parietal, insular cortex and the subcortical white matter, while the thalamus and hippocampus remained intact. Of note, there were fewer neurons and more glia in the ipsilateral thalamus and hippocampus in the MCAO group at 12 months post\u2010stroke compared to the control group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). However, there was no sign of extracellular A\u03b2 plaques in the thalamus or hippocampus. No statistically significant difference was found in CSF or plasma levels of A\u03b2<jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>, A\u03b2<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub> or the A\u03b2<jats:sub>40<\/jats:sub>\/A\u03b2<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub> ratio between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05). These results suggest that significant secondary neuronal loss and reactive gliosis occur in the non\u2010affected thalamus and hippocampus without A\u03b2 deposits in the late period after MCAO in non\u2010human primates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,6]],"date-time":"2019-07-06T11:29:54Z","timestamp":1562412594000},"page":"165-178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neuronal loss without amyloid\u2010\u03b2 deposits in the thalamus and hippocampus in the late period after middle cerebral artery occlusion in cynomolgus monkeys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Fubing","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou 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