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We quantified pericytes as components of the gliovascular unit and assessed their status in vascular and other common dementias. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods were developed to assess the distribution and quantification of pericytes connected to the frontal lobe WM capillaries. Pericytes with a nucleus were identified by collagen 4 (COL4) and platelet\u2010derived growth factor receptor\u2010\u03b2 (PDGFR\u2010\u03b2) antibodies with further verification using PDGFR\u2010\u03b2\u2010specific ELISA. We evaluated a total of 124 post\u2010mortem brains from subjects with post\u2010stroke dementia (PSD), vascular dementia (VaD), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), AD\u2010VaD (Mixed) and post\u2010stroke non\u2010demented (PSND) stroke survivors as well as normal aging controls. COL4 and PDGFR\u2010\u03b2 reactive pericytes adopted the characteristic \u201ccrescent\u201d or nodule\u2010like shapes around capillary walls. We estimated densities of pericyte somata to be 225\u00a0\u00b138 and 200\u00a0\u00b113 (SEM) per COL4 mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> area or 2.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1 and 1.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.1 per mm capillary length in young and older aging controls. Remarkably, WM pericytes were reduced by ~35%\u201345% in the frontal lobe of PSD, VaD, Mixed and AD subjects compared to PSND and controls subjects (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). We also found pericyte numbers were correlated with PDGFR\u2010\u03b2 reactivity in the WM. Our results first demonstrate a reliable method to quantify COL4\u2010positive pericytes and then, indicate that deep WM pericytes are decreased across different dementias including PSD, VaD, Mixed and AD. Our findings suggest that downregulation of pericytes is associated with the disruption of the BBB in the deep WM in several aging\u2010related dementias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T02:16:26Z","timestamp":1595556986000},"page":"1087-1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Loss of capillary pericytes and the blood\u2013brain barrier in white matter in poststroke and vascular dementias and Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ren","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9538-905X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Hase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamar E.","family":"Ameen\u2010Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ndung'u","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Barsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Gourlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tolulope","family":"Akinyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rufus","family":"Akinyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8356-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maiko T.","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuomo","family":"Polvikoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeta","family":"Mukaetova\u2010Ladinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7907-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raj N.","family":"Kalaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurovascular Research Group Translational and Clinical Research Institute Newcastle University Campus for Ageing &amp; Vitality Newcastle Upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr273"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1653708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Structural and functional aspects of the blood\u2010brain barrier","volume":"61","author":"Begley DJ","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Drug Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.09.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00210"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10144"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12188"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31824e8e7f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"909","article-title":"Pericytes. 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