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Our previous studies revealed that the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor\u2010C (VEGF\u2010C) and corresponding receptors VEGFR\u20102, VEGFR\u20103 was increased in the epileptic lesions of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex or mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Here, we showed that the expression of VEGF\u2010C, VEGFR\u20102, and VEGFR\u20103 was increased at both mRNA and protein levels in patients with cortical lesions of type I, IIa, and IIb FCD. The immunoreactivity of VEGF\u2010C, VEGFR\u20102 and VEGFR\u20103 was located in the micro\u2010columnar neurons in FCD type I lesions, dysplastic neurons (DNs) in FCD type IIa lesions, balloon cells (BCs) and astrocytes in FCD type IIb lesions. Additionally, the amplitude of evoked\u2010EPSCs (eEPSC) mediated by NMDA receptor, the ratio of NMDA receptor\u2010 and AMPA receptor\u2010mediated eEPSC were increased in the dysmorphic neurons of FCD rats established by prenatal X\u2010ray radiation. Furthermore, NMDA receptor mediated current in dysmorphic neurons was further potentiated by exogenous administration of VEGF\u2010C, however, could be antagonized by ki8751, the blocker of VEGFR\u20102. These results suggest that VEGF\u2010C system participate in the pathogenesis of cortical lesions in patients with FCD in association with modulating NMDA receptor\u2013mediated currents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:39:22Z","timestamp":1646786362000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Vascular endothelial growth factor\u2010C modulates cortical NMDA receptor activity in cortical lesions of young patients and rat model with focal cortical dysplasia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Kai\u2010Feng","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Epilepsy Research Center of PLA Xinqiao Hospital Army Medical University  Chongqing 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