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Microglia are rapidly activated in situ, followed by waves of circulating monocytes into the ischemic area. Activated microglia and monocytes\/macrophages are mainly distributed in the peri\u2010infarct area. These cells have similar morphology and functions, such as secreting cytokines and phagocytosis. Previously, the presence of the MPS was considered a marker of an exacerbated inflammatory response that contributes to brain damage. However, recent studies have suggested a rather complicated role of the MPS in IS. Here, we reviewed articles focusing on various functions of the MPS among different phases of IS, including recruitment, polarization, phagocytosis, angiogenesis, and interaction with other types of cells. Moreover, due to the characteristics of the MPS, we also noted clinical research addressing alterations in the MPS as potential biomarkers for IS patients for the purposes of predicting prognosis and developing novel therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]],"date-time":"2023-02-09T06:04:59Z","timestamp":1675922699000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Friends or foes: The mononuclear phagocyte system in ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Zhang","family":"Ziqing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beijing Chao\u2010Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yunpeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Beijing 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