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However, there are no available neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapies for retinal I\/R injury, and more effective therapeutic approaches are needed. The role of the myelin sheath of the optic nerve after retinal I\/R remains unknown. Here, we report that demyelination of the optic nerve is an early pathological feature of retinal I\/R and identify sphingosine\u20101\u2010phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) as a therapeutic target for alleviating demyelination in a model of retinal I\/R caused by rapid changes in intraocular pressure. Targeting the myelin sheath via S1PR2 protected RGCs and visual function. In our experiment, we observed early damage to the myelin sheath and persistent demyelination accompanied by S1PR2 overexpression after injury. Blockade of S1PR2 by the pharmacological inhibitor JTE\u2010013 reversed demyelination, increased the number of oligodendrocytes, and inhibited microglial activation, contributing to the survival of RGCs and alleviating axonal damage. Finally, we evaluated the postoperative recovery of visual function by recording visual evoked potentials and assessing the quantitative optomotor response. In conclusion, this study is the first to reveal that alleviating demyelination by inhibiting S1PR2 overexpression may be a therapeutic strategy for retinal I\/R\u2010related visual impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:51:55Z","timestamp":1683247915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Alleviating early demyelination in ischaemia\/reperfusion by inhibiting sphingosine\u20101\u2010phosphate receptor 2 could protect visual function from impairment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jingfei","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou 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