{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:53:05Z","timestamp":1792795985346,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,22]],"date-time":"2023-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Recent epigenomic analyses have revealed the existence of a new DNA methylation class (MC) of infant\u2010type hemispheric glioma (IHG). Like desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma\/astrocytoma (DIG\/DIA), these tumors mainly affect infants and are supratentorial. While DIG\/DIA is characterized by\n                    <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>RAF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    alterations, IHG has been shown to have receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) gene fusions (\n                    <jats:italic>ALK<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>ROS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>NTRK1\/2\/3<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>MET<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). However, in this rapidly evolving field, a more comprehensive analysis of infantile glial\/glioneuronal tumors including clinical, radiological, histopathological, and molecular data is needed. Here, we retrospectively investigated data from 30 infantile glial\/glioneuronal tumors, consecutively compiled from our center. They were analyzed by two experienced pediatric neuroradiologists in consensus, without former knowledge of the molecular data. We also performed a comprehensive clinical, and histopathological examination (including molecular evaluation by next\u2010generation sequencing, RNA sequencing, and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] analyses), as well as DNA methylation profiling for the samples having sufficient material available. The integrative histopathological, genetic, and epigenetic analyses, including t\u2010distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t\u2010SNE) analyses segregated tumors into 10 DIG\/DIA (33.3%), six IHG (20.0%), three gangliogliomas (10.0%), two pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (6.7%), two pilocytic astrocytomas (6.7%), two supratentorial ependymomas,\n                    <jats:italic>ZFTA<\/jats:italic>\n                    fusion\u2010positive (6.7%), two supratentorial ependymomas,\n                    <jats:italic>YAP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    fusion\u2010positive (6.7%), two embryonal tumors with PLAGL2\u2010family amplification (6.7%), and one diffuse low\u2010grade glioma, MAPK\u2010pathway altered. This study highlights the significant differential features, in terms of histopathology (leptomeningeal infiltration, intense desmoplasia and ganglion cells in DIG\/DIA and necrosis, microvascular proliferation, and siderophages in IHG), and radiology between DIG\/DIA and IHG. Moreover, these results are consistent with the literature data concerning the molecular dichotomy (\n                    <jats:italic>BRAF\/RAF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    alterations vs. RTK genes' fusions) between DIG\/DIA and IHG. This study characterized histopathologically and radiologically two additional cases of the novel embryonal tumor characterized by\n                    <jats:italic>PLAGL2<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene amplification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,24]],"date-time":"2023-06-24T18:21:29Z","timestamp":1687630889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A comprehensive analysis of infantile central nervous system tumors to improve distinctive criteria for infant\u2010type hemispheric glioma versus desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma\/astrocytoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9979-0297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnault","family":"Tauzi\u00e8de\u2010Espariat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris\u2010Psychiatrie et Neurosciences Sainte\u2010Anne Hospital  Paris France"},{"name":"Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA\u2010Brain Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Beccaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Necker Hospital, APHP Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit\u00e9  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volodia","family":"Dangouloff\u2010Ros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Radiology Department H\u00f4pital Necker Enfants Malades, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, UMR 1163 Institut Imagine and INSERM U1299  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Sievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology University Hospital Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"},{"name":"Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) German Cancer Research Center DKFZ  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Meurgey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard Cancer Center  Lyon France"},{"name":"INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL)  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pissaloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biopathology L\u00e9on B\u00e9rard Cancer Center  Lyon France"},{"name":"INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286 Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL)  Lyon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Appay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"APHM, CHU Timone Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie  Marseille France"},{"name":"Aix\u2010Marseille University, CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Saffroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetics Paul Brousse Hospital  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U981, Molecular Predictors and New Targets in Oncology, INSERM, Gustave Roussy Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Villejuif France"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gustave Roussy Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Mariet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gustave Roussy Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay  Villejuif France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Bourdeaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERMU830 Laboratory of Translational Research in Pediatric Oncology  Paris France"},{"name":"Institut Curie, SIREDO Center Care, Innovation, Research in Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Paris Sciences Lettres Research University  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Hasty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris\u2010Psychiatrie et Neurosciences Sainte\u2010Anne Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"M\u00e9tais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris\u2010Psychiatrie et Neurosciences Sainte\u2010Anne Hospital  Paris France"},{"name":"Inserm, UMR 1266, IMA\u2010Brain Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Chr\u00e9tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris\u2010Psychiatrie et Neurosciences Sainte\u2010Anne Hospital  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Blauwblomme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Radiology Department H\u00f4pital Necker Enfants Malades, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Puget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Radiology Department H\u00f4pital Necker Enfants Malades, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Boddaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Radiology Department H\u00f4pital Necker Enfants 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