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Diffuse damage to the white matter is the most frequently detected pathology in this condition. We hypothesized that oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation disturbed by mild neonatal asphyxia may affect the viability, maturation, and physiological functioning of oligodendrocytes. To address this issue, we studied the effect of temporal HI in the in vivo model in P7 rats with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), microscopy techniques and biochemical analyses. Moreover, we recreated the injury in vitro performing the procedure of oxygen\u2013glucose deprivation on rat neonatal OPCs to determine its effect on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. In the in vivo model, MRI evaluation revealed changes in the volume of different brain regions, as well as changes in the directional diffusivity of water in brain tissue that may suggest pathological changes to myelinated neuronal fibers. Hypomyelination was observed in the cortex, striatum, and CA3 region of the hippocampus. Severe changes to myelin ultrastructure were observed, including delamination of myelin sheets. Interestingly, shortly after the injury, an increase in oligodendrocyte proliferation was observed, followed by an overproduction of myelin proteins 4\u2009weeks after HI. Results verified with the in vitro model indicate, that in the first days after damage, OPCs do not show reduced viability, intensively proliferate, and overexpress myelin proteins and oligodendrocyte\u2010specific transcription factors. In conclusion, despite the increase in oligodendrocyte proliferation and myelin protein expression after HI, the production of functional myelin sheaths in brain tissue is impaired. Presented study provides a detailed description of oligodendrocyte pathophysiology developed in an effect of HI injury, resulting in an altered CNS myelination. The described models may serve as useful tools for searching and testing effective of effective myelination\u2010supporting therapies for HI injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.13255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:29:09Z","timestamp":1710912549000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells' fate after neonatal asphyxia\u2014Puzzling implications for the development of hypoxic\u2013ischemic encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Justyna","family":"Janowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NeuroRepair Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Gargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NeuroRepair Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Zajdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOMATEN Center of Excellence, National Center for Nuclear Research  Otwock Poland"},{"name":"Electron Microscopy Research Unit Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Wieteska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Small Animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Lipinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nuclear and Medical Electronics Warsaw University of Technology  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Ziemka\u2010Nalecz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NeuroRepair Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Frontczak\u2010Baniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electron Microscopy Research Unit Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1647-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Sypecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of NeuroRepair Mossakowski Medical Research Institute PAS  Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Newborns: improving survival and well\u2010being [Internet] [cited 2021 May 26]. 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