{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:36:46Z","timestamp":1790897806752,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Brain Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Remyelination of cortical lesions in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) has been shown to be extensive. In this work, we aimed to assess whether postmortem quantitative MRI (qMRI) can help detect those areas. We imaged six fixed whole brains of deceased pwMS by 3T\u2010MRI using magnetization transfer ratio (MTR, 570\u2009\u03bcm isotropic), myelin water fraction (MWF, 1000\u2009\u03bcm isotropic), quantitative T1 (qT1, 670\u2009\u03bcm isotropic), quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM, 330\u2009\u03bcm isotropic) and radial diffusivity (RD, 1300 or 1400\u2009\u03bcm isotropic) maps. Immunohistochemistry for myelin proteins was performed in 129 tissue blocks including the cortex and enabled the detection of cortical demyelination (DM), cortical remyelination (RM), and normal\u2010appearing cortex (NAC). We identified 25 DM, 25 RM, and for each of these areas, a corresponding NAC near the lesion. Wilcoxon paired tests showed that: (a) qT1 and RD were higher and QSM lower in DM versus NAC (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas RD was higher and QSM lower in RM versus NAC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.048 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 respectively); (b) mean qT1 in RM did not differ from mean qT1 in NAC (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.074); (c) MWF and MTR were not different between DM and RM. We compared the delta between DM versus NAC (\u2206DM) and the delta between RM versus NAC (\u2206RM) using a Mann\u2013Whitney test, in which RM showed a partial recovery of qT1 only (\u2206qT1 DM\u2009&gt;\u2009\u2206qT1 RM, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045). Mixed\u2010effect models confirmed the findings obtained using univariate analyses. qT1 and QSM, but not RD, correlated with MBP intensity (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.28, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 and <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.29, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 respectively). A Bonferroni correction was performed for multiple testing. Our data show that qT1 is altered in demyelinated but not in remyelinated cortical areas, while QSM and RD are affected by any cortical abnormalities. Accordingly, qT1 might be considered a potential imaging biomarker of cortical RM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.70010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T23:11:51Z","timestamp":1744672311000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Quantitative <scp>T1<\/scp> is sensitive to cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis: A postmortem <scp>MRI<\/scp> study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3092-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Galbusera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Division of Radiological Physics, Department of Radiology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Bahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Schaedelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research University Hospital Basel, University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cagol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences University of Genova  Genoa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Jui","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital Basel  Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel 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Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB) University Hospital Basel and University of Basel  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7523-6622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Dechent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cognitive Neurology, MR\u2010Research in Neurosciences University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen  G\u00f6ttingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Govind","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"qMRI Core National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH  Bethesda Maryland 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