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We developed two complementary transgenic mouse models to investigate how the L108I substitution in mouse prion protein (PrP) influences spontaneous prion formation and transmission characteristics. The transgenic mouse model overexpressing the variant at approximately three times wild\u2010type (WT) PrP levels (TgMo(L108I)3x) consistently developed a spontaneous neurodegenerative disorder between 219 and 536\u2009days of age with 100% penetrance. This spontaneous disease exhibited biochemical and neuropathological characteristics of atypical prion disorders, featuring a distinctive 7\u201310\u2009kDa protease\u2010resistant PrP fragment and pathology comparable to small ruminants' atypical scrapie and certain forms of Gerstmann\u2013Str\u00e4ussler\u2013Scheinker syndrome (GSS). In contrast, the knock\u2010in model expressing the same variant at physiological levels (TgMo(L108I)1x) showed no spontaneous disease beyond 600\u2009days, demonstrating that both the specific amino acid substitution and elevated expression levels are necessary for spontaneous prion formation. The spontaneously generated prions transmitted efficiently to models expressing the I108 variant and to Tga20 mice overexpressing WT PrP but encountered a robust transmission barrier toward WT mice, indicating strain\u2010specific replication requirements. The TgMo(L108I)3x model demonstrated exceptional versatility as a universal acceptor for heterogeneous prion isolates, demonstrating superior efficiency in propagating atypical variants like GSS A117V (57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009days) and rapid propagation of classical scrapie\u2010derived mouse prion strains, including Rocky Mountains Laboratory mouse prion strain (RML) (85\u2009\u00b1\u20093.8\u2009days) and 22L (95\u2009\u00b1\u20091\u2009days). Comparative analysis revealed that the L108I substitution differentially impacts strain propagation, with greater acceleration of RML (~33% shorter incubation) than 22L (~0.5% shorter) compared to WT mice. These complementary systems offer powerful experimental platforms for investigating the molecular determinants of spontaneous prion formation, strain selection and transmission barriers, providing insights into idiopathic prion pathogenesis and developing therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T02:10:29Z","timestamp":1770689429000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The\n                    <scp>L108I<\/scp>\n                    polymorphism in mouse prion protein drives spontaneous disease and enhances transmission of atypical and classical prion strains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Hasier","family":"Era\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE) Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)  Derio Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) Carlos III National Health Institute  Madrid Spain"},{"name":"ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. 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